forked from benoitc/gunicorn
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arbiter.py
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arbiter.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -
#
# This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
# See the NOTICE for more information.
from __future__ import print_function
import errno
import os
import random
import select
import signal
import sys
import time
import traceback
from gunicorn.errors import HaltServer, AppImportError
from gunicorn.pidfile import Pidfile
from gunicorn.sock import create_sockets
from gunicorn import util
from gunicorn import __version__, SERVER_SOFTWARE
class Arbiter(object):
"""
Arbiter maintain the workers processes alive. It launches or
kills them if needed. It also manages application reloading
via SIGHUP/USR2.
"""
# A flag indicating if a worker failed to
# to boot. If a worker process exist with
# this error code, the arbiter will terminate.
WORKER_BOOT_ERROR = 3
# A flag indicating if an application failed to be loaded
APP_LOAD_ERROR = 4
START_CTX = {}
LISTENERS = []
WORKERS = {}
PIPE = []
# I love dynamic languages
SIG_QUEUE = []
SIGNALS = [getattr(signal, "SIG%s" % x)
for x in "HUP QUIT INT TERM TTIN TTOU USR1 USR2 WINCH".split()]
SIG_NAMES = dict(
(getattr(signal, name), name[3:].lower()) for name in dir(signal)
if name[:3] == "SIG" and name[3] != "_"
)
def __init__(self, app):
os.environ["SERVER_SOFTWARE"] = SERVER_SOFTWARE
self._num_workers = None
self._last_logged_active_worker_count = None
self.log = None
self.setup(app)
self.pidfile = None
self.worker_age = 0
self.reexec_pid = 0
self.master_name = "Master"
cwd = util.getcwd()
args = sys.argv[:]
args.insert(0, sys.executable)
# init start context
self.START_CTX = {
"args": args,
"cwd": cwd,
0: sys.executable
}
def _get_num_workers(self):
return self._num_workers
def _set_num_workers(self, value):
old_value = self._num_workers
self._num_workers = value
self.cfg.nworkers_changed(self, value, old_value)
num_workers = property(_get_num_workers, _set_num_workers)
def setup(self, app):
self.app = app
self.cfg = app.cfg
if self.log is None:
self.log = self.cfg.logger_class(app.cfg)
# reopen files
if 'GUNICORN_FD' in os.environ:
self.log.reopen_files()
self.worker_class = self.cfg.worker_class
self.address = self.cfg.address
self.num_workers = self.cfg.workers
self.timeout = self.cfg.timeout
self.proc_name = self.cfg.proc_name
self.log.debug('Current configuration:\n{0}'.format(
'\n'.join(
' {0}: {1}'.format(config, value.value)
for config, value
in sorted(self.cfg.settings.items(),
key=lambda setting: setting[1]))))
# set enviroment' variables
if self.cfg.env:
for k, v in self.cfg.env.items():
os.environ[k] = v
if self.cfg.preload_app:
self.app.wsgi()
def start(self):
"""\
Initialize the arbiter. Start listening and set pidfile if needed.
"""
self.log.info("Starting gunicorn %s", __version__)
self.pid = os.getpid()
if self.cfg.pidfile is not None:
self.pidfile = Pidfile(self.cfg.pidfile)
self.pidfile.create(self.pid)
self.cfg.on_starting(self)
self.init_signals()
if not self.LISTENERS:
self.LISTENERS = create_sockets(self.cfg, self.log)
listeners_str = ",".join([str(l) for l in self.LISTENERS])
self.log.debug("Arbiter booted")
self.log.info("Listening at: %s (%s)", listeners_str, self.pid)
self.log.info("Using worker: %s", self.cfg.worker_class_str)
# check worker class requirements
if hasattr(self.worker_class, "check_config"):
self.worker_class.check_config(self.cfg, self.log)
self.cfg.when_ready(self)
def init_signals(self):
"""\
Initialize master signal handling. Most of the signals
are queued. Child signals only wake up the master.
"""
# close old PIPE
if self.PIPE:
[os.close(p) for p in self.PIPE]
# initialize the pipe
self.PIPE = pair = os.pipe()
for p in pair:
util.set_non_blocking(p)
util.close_on_exec(p)
self.log.close_on_exec()
# initialize all signals
[signal.signal(s, self.signal) for s in self.SIGNALS]
signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, self.handle_chld)
def signal(self, sig, frame):
if len(self.SIG_QUEUE) < 5:
self.SIG_QUEUE.append(sig)
self.wakeup()
def run(self):
"Main master loop."
self.start()
util._setproctitle("master [%s]" % self.proc_name)
try:
self.manage_workers()
while True:
sig = self.SIG_QUEUE.pop(0) if len(self.SIG_QUEUE) else None
if sig is None:
self.sleep()
self.murder_workers()
self.manage_workers()
continue
if sig not in self.SIG_NAMES:
self.log.info("Ignoring unknown signal: %s", sig)
continue
signame = self.SIG_NAMES.get(sig)
handler = getattr(self, "handle_%s" % signame, None)
if not handler:
self.log.error("Unhandled signal: %s", signame)
continue
self.log.info("Handling signal: %s", signame)
handler()
self.wakeup()
except StopIteration:
self.halt()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
self.halt()
except HaltServer as inst:
self.halt(reason=inst.reason, exit_status=inst.exit_status)
except SystemExit:
raise
except Exception:
self.log.info("Unhandled exception in main loop",
exc_info=1)
self.stop(False)
if self.pidfile is not None:
self.pidfile.unlink()
sys.exit(-1)
def handle_chld(self, sig, frame):
"SIGCHLD handling"
self.reap_workers()
self.wakeup()
def handle_hup(self):
"""\
HUP handling.
- Reload configuration
- Start the new worker processes with a new configuration
- Gracefully shutdown the old worker processes
"""
self.log.info("Hang up: %s", self.master_name)
self.reload()
def handle_term(self):
"SIGTERM handling"
raise StopIteration
def handle_int(self):
"SIGINT handling"
self.stop(False)
raise StopIteration
def handle_quit(self):
"SIGQUIT handling"
self.stop(False)
raise StopIteration
def handle_ttin(self):
"""\
SIGTTIN handling.
Increases the number of workers by one.
"""
self.num_workers += 1
self.manage_workers()
def handle_ttou(self):
"""\
SIGTTOU handling.
Decreases the number of workers by one.
"""
if self.num_workers <= 1:
return
self.num_workers -= 1
self.manage_workers()
def handle_usr1(self):
"""\
SIGUSR1 handling.
Kill all workers by sending them a SIGUSR1
"""
self.log.reopen_files()
self.kill_workers(signal.SIGUSR1)
def handle_usr2(self):
"""\
SIGUSR2 handling.
Creates a new master/worker set as a slave of the current
master without affecting old workers. Use this to do live
deployment with the ability to backout a change.
"""
self.reexec()
def handle_winch(self):
"SIGWINCH handling"
if self.cfg.daemon:
self.log.info("graceful stop of workers")
self.num_workers = 0
self.kill_workers(signal.SIGTERM)
else:
self.log.debug("SIGWINCH ignored. Not daemonized")
def wakeup(self):
"""\
Wake up the arbiter by writing to the PIPE
"""
try:
os.write(self.PIPE[1], b'.')
except IOError as e:
if e.errno not in [errno.EAGAIN, errno.EINTR]:
raise
def halt(self, reason=None, exit_status=0):
""" halt arbiter """
self.stop()
self.log.info("Shutting down: %s", self.master_name)
if reason is not None:
self.log.info("Reason: %s", reason)
if self.pidfile is not None:
self.pidfile.unlink()
self.cfg.on_exit(self)
sys.exit(exit_status)
def sleep(self):
"""\
Sleep until PIPE is readable or we timeout.
A readable PIPE means a signal occurred.
"""
try:
ready = select.select([self.PIPE[0]], [], [], 1.0)
if not ready[0]:
return
while os.read(self.PIPE[0], 1):
pass
except select.error as e:
if e.args[0] not in [errno.EAGAIN, errno.EINTR]:
raise
except OSError as e:
if e.errno not in [errno.EAGAIN, errno.EINTR]:
raise
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit()
def stop(self, graceful=True):
"""\
Stop workers
:attr graceful: boolean, If True (the default) workers will be
killed gracefully (ie. trying to wait for the current connection)
"""
self.LISTENERS = []
sig = signal.SIGTERM
if not graceful:
sig = signal.SIGQUIT
limit = time.time() + self.cfg.graceful_timeout
# instruct the workers to exit
self.kill_workers(sig)
# wait until the graceful timeout
while self.WORKERS and time.time() < limit:
time.sleep(0.1)
self.kill_workers(signal.SIGKILL)
def reexec(self):
"""\
Relaunch the master and workers.
"""
if self.pidfile is not None:
self.pidfile.rename("%s.oldbin" % self.pidfile.fname)
self.reexec_pid = os.fork()
if self.reexec_pid != 0:
self.master_name = "Old Master"
return
environ = self.cfg.env_orig.copy()
fds = [l.fileno() for l in self.LISTENERS]
environ['GUNICORN_FD'] = ",".join([str(fd) for fd in fds])
os.chdir(self.START_CTX['cwd'])
self.cfg.pre_exec(self)
# exec the process using the original environnement
os.execvpe(self.START_CTX[0], self.START_CTX['args'], environ)
def reload(self):
old_address = self.cfg.address
# reset old environement
for k in self.cfg.env:
if k in self.cfg.env_orig:
# reset the key to the value it had before
# we launched gunicorn
os.environ[k] = self.cfg.env_orig[k]
else:
# delete the value set by gunicorn
try:
del os.environ[k]
except KeyError:
pass
# reload conf
self.app.reload()
self.setup(self.app)
# reopen log files
self.log.reopen_files()
# do we need to change listener ?
if old_address != self.cfg.address:
# close all listeners
[l.close() for l in self.LISTENERS]
# init new listeners
self.LISTENERS = create_sockets(self.cfg, self.log)
listeners_str = ",".join([str(l) for l in self.LISTENERS])
self.log.info("Listening at: %s", listeners_str)
# do some actions on reload
self.cfg.on_reload(self)
# unlink pidfile
if self.pidfile is not None:
self.pidfile.unlink()
# create new pidfile
if self.cfg.pidfile is not None:
self.pidfile = Pidfile(self.cfg.pidfile)
self.pidfile.create(self.pid)
# set new proc_name
util._setproctitle("master [%s]" % self.proc_name)
# spawn new workers
for i in range(self.cfg.workers):
self.spawn_worker()
# manage workers
self.manage_workers()
def murder_workers(self):
"""\
Kill unused/idle workers
"""
if not self.timeout:
return
workers = list(self.WORKERS.items())
for (pid, worker) in workers:
try:
if time.time() - worker.tmp.last_update() <= self.timeout:
continue
except (OSError, ValueError):
continue
if not worker.aborted:
self.log.critical("WORKER TIMEOUT (pid:%s)", pid)
worker.aborted = True
self.kill_worker(pid, signal.SIGABRT)
else:
self.kill_worker(pid, signal.SIGKILL)
def reap_workers(self):
"""\
Reap workers to avoid zombie processes
"""
try:
while True:
wpid, status = os.waitpid(-1, os.WNOHANG)
if not wpid:
break
if self.reexec_pid == wpid:
self.reexec_pid = 0
else:
# A worker said it cannot boot. We'll shutdown
# to avoid infinite start/stop cycles.
exitcode = status >> 8
if exitcode == self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR:
reason = "Worker failed to boot."
raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
if exitcode == self.APP_LOAD_ERROR:
reason = "App failed to load."
raise HaltServer(reason, self.APP_LOAD_ERROR)
worker = self.WORKERS.pop(wpid, None)
if not worker:
continue
worker.tmp.close()
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != errno.ECHILD:
raise
def manage_workers(self):
"""\
Maintain the number of workers by spawning or killing
as required.
"""
if len(self.WORKERS.keys()) < self.num_workers:
self.spawn_workers()
workers = self.WORKERS.items()
workers = sorted(workers, key=lambda w: w[1].age)
while len(workers) > self.num_workers:
(pid, _) = workers.pop(0)
self.kill_worker(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
active_worker_count = len(workers)
if self._last_logged_active_worker_count != active_worker_count:
self._last_logged_active_worker_count = active_worker_count
self.log.debug("{0} workers".format(active_worker_count),
extra={"metric": "gunicorn.workers",
"value": active_worker_count,
"mtype": "gauge"})
def spawn_worker(self):
self.worker_age += 1
worker = self.worker_class(self.worker_age, self.pid, self.LISTENERS,
self.app, self.timeout / 2.0,
self.cfg, self.log)
self.cfg.pre_fork(self, worker)
pid = os.fork()
if pid != 0:
self.WORKERS[pid] = worker
return pid
# Process Child
worker_pid = os.getpid()
try:
util._setproctitle("worker [%s]" % self.proc_name)
self.log.info("Booting worker with pid: %s", worker_pid)
self.cfg.post_fork(self, worker)
worker.init_process()
sys.exit(0)
except SystemExit:
raise
except AppImportError as e:
self.log.debug("Exception while loading the application",
exc_info=1)
print("%s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
sys.stderr.flush()
sys.exit(self.APP_LOAD_ERROR)
except:
self.log.exception("Exception in worker process"),
if not worker.booted:
sys.exit(self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
sys.exit(-1)
finally:
self.log.info("Worker exiting (pid: %s)", worker_pid)
try:
worker.tmp.close()
self.cfg.worker_exit(self, worker)
except:
pass
def spawn_workers(self):
"""\
Spawn new workers as needed.
This is where a worker process leaves the main loop
of the master process.
"""
for i in range(self.num_workers - len(self.WORKERS.keys())):
self.spawn_worker()
time.sleep(0.1 * random.random())
def kill_workers(self, sig):
"""\
Kill all workers with the signal `sig`
:attr sig: `signal.SIG*` value
"""
worker_pids = list(self.WORKERS.keys())
for pid in worker_pids:
self.kill_worker(pid, sig)
def kill_worker(self, pid, sig):
"""\
Kill a worker
:attr pid: int, worker pid
:attr sig: `signal.SIG*` value
"""
try:
os.kill(pid, sig)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno == errno.ESRCH:
try:
worker = self.WORKERS.pop(pid)
worker.tmp.close()
self.cfg.worker_exit(self, worker)
return
except (KeyError, OSError):
return
raise