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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET)
e
-
ISSN: 2395
-
0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar
-
201
7
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ISSN: 2395
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0072
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Impact Factor value:
5
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|
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2770
MODELING & DESIGN OF DTMF TECHNIQUE BASED AUTOMATIC MOBILE SWITCHING &
CONTROL OF ANY MACHINERY
SHARAD CHANDRA RAJPOOT
1
, PRASHANT SINGH RAJPOOT
2
, SANJAY KUMAR SINGHAI
3
, KRISHNA KUMAR SAXENA
4
1
Assistant professor (EE) G.E.C. Jagdalpur , Bastar, Chh
attisgarh,
2
Assistant professor (EE) L.C.I.T., Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India,
3
Professor (EE) G.E.C. Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India,
4
Associate professor(EE) G.E.C. Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract
-
The main scope of project is to send commands
from one cell phone to be received by another cell phone
mounted on the kit to receive the
DTMF (Dual Tone Multi
Frequency) mode commands which are then decoded. The
corresponding codes are then fed to a microcontroller,
programmed to recognize those codes to operate a relay as
device will
operated.
The aim of the proposed system is to develop a
cost effective solution that will provide controlling of devices
such as industrial devices, home appliances remotely and
enable home security against intrusion in the absence o
f
homeowner. The system provides availability due to
development of a low cost system. The home appliances
control system with an affordable cost was thought to be
built that should be mobile providing remote access to the
appliances and allowing home secu
rity.
Index Terms
-
DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency), control
system, home security, ICs.
1.
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 OVERVIEW
In this system, we are going to develop a cellular phone
based home/office appliance. This system is designed for
controlling arbi
trary devices, it includes a cell phone (not
included with the system kit, end user has to connect his/her
cell phone to the system) which is connect to the system via
head set. To active the cellular phone unit on the system a
call is to be made and as th
e call is answered , in response
the user would enter a two/three digit password to access
the system to control devices. As the caller press the specific
password , it results in turning
on or off
specific devices.
The device switching .[2]
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Working Principle
Power supply of 230 volt is fed in to the transformer which
step down that voltage in to 12volt supply. A full wave
bridge rectifier is used to convert ac voltage in to dc value ,
then this
12 volt dc value fed in to voltage re
gulator which operates at
12volt dc which converts unregulated dc value in to
regulated dc value. Voltage regulator is also used here to
make good performance of transistors and ics what here
used. Now a cell phone is connect with the circuit, when
caller
make call on that cell phone ) ICs to generate DTMF
corresponding to a number or code in the number pad and to
detect the same number or code from its corresponding
DTMF. In detail, a DTMF generator generates two
frequencies corresponding to a number or co
de in the
number pad which will be transmitted through the
communication networks, constituting the transmitter
section which is simply equivalent to a mobile set. In the
receiver part, the DTMF detector IC, for example IC MT 8870
detects the number or cod
e represented by DTMF back,
through the inspection of the two transmitted frequencies.
Now that frequency generated is fed in to microcontroller
then transmit to relays after receiving necessary operating
voltage relay starts switching on and off proces
s of devices.
2.2 EMBEDDED SYSTEM
2.2.1 Introduction
An Embedded System is a combination of computer
hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical
or other parts, designed to perform a specific function. An
embedded system is a microcontrol
ler
-
based, software
driven, reliable, real
-
time control system, autonomous, or
human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical
variables and in diverse environments and sold into a
competitive and cost conscious market.[5]
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET)
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Figure
-
Worki
ng Diagram
2.3 Characteristics of Embedded System
An embedded system is any computer system
hidden inside a product other than a computer.
They will encounter a number of difficulties when
writing embedded system software in addition to
those we encounter
when we write applications
Power consumption
Portable systems must run on
battery power, and the software in these systems
must conserve power
2.4 Classification
Real Time Systems.
RTS is one which has to respond to events within a
specified deadline.
A right answer after the dead line is a wrong
answer.
RTS CLASSIFICATION
Hard Real Time Systems
Soft Real Time System
HARD REAL TIME SYSTEM
"Hard" real
-
time systems have very narrow
response time.
Example: Nuclear power system, Cardiac
pacemaker.
SOFT RE
AL TIME SYSTEM
"Soft" real
-
time systems have reduced constrains on
"lateness" but still must operate very quickly and
repeatable.
Example: Railway reservation system
takes a few
extra seconds the data remains valid.
User interface
Embedded systems rang
e from no user interface at
all dedicated only to one task to complex
graphical user
interfaces
that resemble modern computer d
esktop
operating systems. Simple embedded devices
use
buttons
,
LEDs
, graphic or character
LCDs
(for example
popular
HD44780 LCD
) with a simple
menu system
.[6]
2.5 Applications
Mastering the complexity of applications.
Reduction of product design time.
Real time processing of ever increasing amounts of
data.
Energy production control
Telephone switches
Rocket & satellite control.
Intellige
nt, autonomous sensors.
Air Traffic Control
3. MICROCONTROLLER
3.1 Introduction
The AT89S52 is a low
-
power, high
-
performance CMOS 8
-
bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in
-
system programmable
high
-
den
sity non
-
volatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set
and pin out. The on
-
chip Flash allows the program memory
to be reprogrammed in
-
system or by a conventional non
-
volatile memory programmer. By combining a
versatile 8
-
bit
CPU with in
-
system programmable Flash on a monolithic
chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller
which provides a highly
-
flexible and cost
-
effective solution
to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52
provides the follow
ing standard features: 8K bytes of Flash,
256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data
pointers, three 16
-
bit timer/counters, a six
-
vector two
-
level
interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on
-
chip
oscillator, and clock circuitry. [6]
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
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Fig. Architecture diagram of microcontroller
Oscillator Characteristics
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output,
respectively, of an inverting amplifier which can be
configured for use as an on
-
chip oscillator,. Either a qu
artz
crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the
device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left
unconnected while XTAL1 is driven.
.
Figure
-
Oscillator Connections
4. HARDWARE DISCRIPTION
4.1 Transformer(
230/12)
In this project we use step down transformer, which
converts 230/12 V ac, 1A .Three wires are used in output.
One Green and yellow wire gives 500mA and another green
and yellow wire gives 500mA.so, total output currant is
1A.[6]
4.2 Full Wave Centr
al Tap Rectifier
For a positive half cycle of the input voltage, the
polarities of the secondary voltages are shown in figure. This
condition forward biases diode D1 and reverse biases diode
D2.
The current
path is through D1 and the load resistor RL.
For a negative half cycle of the input voltage, the
voltage polarities on the secondary are shown. This
condition reverse biases D1 and forward biases D2. The
current path is through D2 and RL
. Because the output
current during both the positive and negative portions of the
input cycle is in the same direction through the load the
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET)
e
-
ISSN: 2395
-
0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar
-
201
7
w
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w.irjet.net
p
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ISSN: 2395
-
0072
©
20
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Impact Factor value:
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|
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2773
output voltage developed across the load resistor is a full
wave rectified dc voltage.[5]
4.2.3 Wave form and circ
uit diagram
Figure
-
output waveform
4.3 Voltage Regulator
Any electrical or
electronic device
that maintains the
voltage of a
p
ower source
within acceptable limits. The
voltage regulator
is needed to keep voltages within the
prescribed range that can be tolerated by the electrical
equipment using that voltage.[5]
Fig. voltage regulator
4.4 DTMF Decoder
4.4.1 Description
Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) codec is used
to encode and decode the key strokes in a telephone. It can
also be used to perform a basic data transfer operation. The
MT8870D/MT8870D
-
1 is a co
mplete DTMF receiver
integrating both the band split filter and digital decoder
functions. The filter section uses switched capacitor
techniques for high and low group filters; the decoder uses
digital counting techniques to detect and decode all 16 DTMF
t
one pairs into a 4
-
bit code. External component count is
minimized by on chip provision of a differential input
amplifier, clock oscillator and latched three
-
state bus
interface.[3]
4.4.2 Working
Telephone signaling is based on encoding keypad
digits using
two sinusoidal of different frequencies, hence
the name DTMF. Each digit is represented by a low
frequency and a high frequency sinusoid. The frequencies
used were recommended by AT&T such that no two
frequencies are integral multiples of each other. This
facilitates correct decoding even in the presence of non
linearity of filters which cause higher harmonics to be
present.
4.4.3 Diagram
Fig. DTMF generator kit
Fig: DTMF generated
signal
It was also necessary to replicate the generation
section of code in order to produce two sine waves. These
two waves were then added together, and sent to the analog
interface circuit ready for transmission. DTMF, or Dual Tone
Multi Frequency, is
a method of sending and receiving
control information over a communications channel. The
reader is probably most familiar with DTMF tones as heard
on a modern push
-
button telephone.
4.4.4 Features
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET)
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Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar
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ISSN: 2395
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Impact Factor value:
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2774
4.5 Inverter IC 7404
Figure Inverter IC 7404
4.5.2 Description
Outputs of one gate can be connected to inputs of
another within
the same chip or to another chip as long as
they share the same ground. The figure to the left illustrates
a basic circuit showing how to wire inputs and using LEDs to
display outputs.
4.6 Diode 1N4007
Diodes are used to convert AC into DC these are
use
d as half wave rectifier or full
wave rectifier. Three points must he kept in mind
while using any type of diode.
Maximum forward current capacity
Maximum reverse voltage capacity
Maximum forward voltage capacity
The number and voltage capacity of so
me of the important
diodes available in the market are as follows: Diodes of
number IN4001, IN4002, IN4003, IN4004, IN4005,
IN4006,forward current capacity of 1 Amp. [6]
Fig. V
-
I characteristic of diode [6]
4.7 Capacitors
A cap
acitor or condenser is a passive electronic
component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a
dielectric. When a voltage potential difference exists
between the conductors, an electric field is present in the
dielectric. This field stores energy
and produces a
mechanical force between the plates. The effect is greatest
between wide, flat, parallel, narrowly separated
conductors.[7]
Figure Electrolytic Capacitor
4.8 Resistors
A resistor is a two
-
terminal electronic
co
mponent designed to oppose an electric current by
producing a voltage drop between its terminals in
proportion to the current, that is, in accordance with Ohm's
law:
V
=
IR [5]
4.9 LED
A light
-
emitting dio
de (LED) is a
semiconductor
light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many
devices, and are increasingly used for
lighting
. When a li
ght
-
emitting
diode
is forward biased (switched on),
electrons
are
able to
recombine