concrete.rst

Concrete Objects Layer

The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types. Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type, you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a dictionary, use :c:func:`PyDict_Check`. The chapter is structured like the "family tree" of Python object types.

Warning

While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for NULL being passed instead of a valid object. Allowing NULL to be passed in can cause memory access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter.

Fundamental Objects

This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object None.

.. toctree::

   type.rst
   none.rst

Numeric Objects

.. index:: pair: object; numeric

.. toctree::

   long.rst
   bool.rst
   float.rst
   complex.rst

Sequence Objects

.. index:: pair: object; sequence

Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter; this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are intrinsic to the Python language.

.. toctree::

   bytes.rst
   bytearray.rst
   unicode.rst
   tuple.rst
   list.rst

Container Objects

.. index:: pair: object; mapping

.. toctree::

   dict.rst
   set.rst

Function Objects

.. toctree::

   function.rst
   method.rst
   cell.rst
   code.rst

Other Objects

.. toctree::

   file.rst
   module.rst
   iterator.rst
   descriptor.rst
   slice.rst
   memoryview.rst
   weakref.rst
   capsule.rst
   frame.rst
   gen.rst
   coro.rst
   contextvars.rst
   datetime.rst
   typehints.rst