diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-env/src/index.js b/packages/babel-preset-env/src/index.js
index 573a756a6a2a..76f11ebcb934 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-env/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-env/src/index.js
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import { filterStageFromList, prettifyTargets } from "./utils";
 import { declare } from "@babel/helper-plugin-utils";
 
 import typeof ModuleTransformationsType from "./module-transformations";
-import type { BuiltInsOption, Targets } from "./types";
+import type { BuiltInsOption, Targets, ModuleOption } from "./types";
 
 export { isPluginRequired } from "./filter-items";
 
@@ -61,26 +61,26 @@ export const transformIncludesAndExcludes = (opts: Array<string>): Object => {
 };
 
 export const getModulesPluginNames = ({
-  moduleTransformation,
+  modules,
+  transformations,
   shouldTransformESM,
   shouldTransformDynamicImport,
 }: {
-  moduleTransformation: $Values<ModuleTransformationsType> | null,
+  modules: ModuleOption,
+  transformations: ModuleTransformationsType,
   shouldTransformESM: boolean,
   shouldTransformDynamicImport: boolean,
 }) => {
   const modulesPluginNames = [];
-  if (moduleTransformation) {
+  if (modules !== false && transformations[modules]) {
     if (shouldTransformESM) {
-      // NOTE: not giving spec here yet to avoid compatibility issues when
-      // transform-modules-commonjs gets its spec mode
-      modulesPluginNames.push(moduleTransformation);
+      modulesPluginNames.push(transformations[modules]);
     }
 
     if (
       shouldTransformDynamicImport &&
       shouldTransformESM &&
-      moduleTransformation !== "transform-modules-umd"
+      modules !== "umd"
     ) {
       modulesPluginNames.push("proposal-dynamic-import");
     } else {
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@ export default declare((api, opts) => {
   const transformTargets = forceAllTransforms || hasUglifyTarget ? {} : targets;
 
   const modulesPluginNames = getModulesPluginNames({
-    moduleTransformation: moduleTransformations[modules.toString()] || null,
+    modules,
+    transformations: moduleTransformations,
     // TODO: Remove the 'api.caller' check eventually. Just here to prevent
     // unnecessary breakage in the short term for users on older betas/RCs.
     shouldTransformESM:
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-env/test/index.spec.js b/packages/babel-preset-env/test/index.spec.js
index a0206c199bff..ded00e6c2e14 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-env/test/index.spec.js
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-env/test/index.spec.js
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const replaceCoreJS3EntryPlugin = require("../lib/polyfills/corejs3/entry-plugin
   .default;
 const removeRegeneratorEntryPlugin = require("../lib/polyfills/regenerator/entry-plugin")
   .default;
+const transformations = require("../lib/module-transformations").default;
 
 describe("babel-preset-env", () => {
   describe("transformIncludesAndExcludes", () => {
@@ -37,23 +38,25 @@ describe("babel-preset-env", () => {
     });
   });
   describe("getModulesPluginNames", () => {
-    describe("no moduleTransformation is specified", () => {
+    describe("modules is set to false", () => {
       it("returns only syntax-dynamic-import", () => {
         expect(
           babelPresetEnv.getModulesPluginNames({
-            moduleTransformation: null,
+            modules: false,
+            transformations,
             shouldTransformESM: false,
             shouldTransformDynamicImport: false,
           }),
         ).toEqual(["syntax-dynamic-import"]);
       });
     });
-    describe("a moduleTransformation is specified", () => {
+    describe("modules is not set to false", () => {
       describe("ESMs should not be transformed", () => {
         it("returns syntax-dynamic-import", () => {
           expect(
             babelPresetEnv.getModulesPluginNames({
-              moduleTransformation: "transform-modules-commonjs",
+              modules: "commonjs",
+              transformations,
               shouldTransformESM: false,
               shouldTransformDynamicImport: false,
             }),
@@ -62,27 +65,30 @@ describe("babel-preset-env", () => {
       });
       describe("ESMs should be transformed", () => {
         describe("dynamic imports should not be transformed", () => {
-          it("returns moduleTransformation and syntax-dynamic-import", () => {
-            const moduleTransformation = "transform-modules-commonjs";
+          it("returns specified modules transform and syntax-dynamic-import", () => {
             expect(
               babelPresetEnv.getModulesPluginNames({
-                moduleTransformation: moduleTransformation,
+                modules: "commonjs",
+                transformations,
                 shouldTransformESM: true,
                 shouldTransformDynamicImport: false,
               }),
-            ).toEqual([moduleTransformation, "syntax-dynamic-import"]);
+            ).toEqual(["transform-modules-commonjs", "syntax-dynamic-import"]);
           });
         });
         describe("dynamic imports should be transformed", () => {
-          it("returns moduleTransformation and proposal-dynamic-import", () => {
-            const moduleTransformation = "transform-modules-commonjs";
+          it("returns specified modules transform and proposal-dynamic-import", () => {
             expect(
               babelPresetEnv.getModulesPluginNames({
-                moduleTransformation: moduleTransformation,
+                modules: "systemjs",
+                transformations,
                 shouldTransformESM: true,
                 shouldTransformDynamicImport: true,
               }),
-            ).toEqual([moduleTransformation, "proposal-dynamic-import"]);
+            ).toEqual([
+              "transform-modules-systemjs",
+              "proposal-dynamic-import",
+            ]);
           });
         });
       });