diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/error-message.js b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/error-message.js
index 0737323af392..363873efb5ec 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/error-message.js
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/error-message.js
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ export const ErrorMessages = Object.freeze({
     "Record expressions starting with '{|' are only allowed when the 'syntaxType' option of the 'recordAndTuple' plugin is set to 'bar'",
   RecordExpressionHashIncorrectStartSyntaxType:
     "Record expressions starting with '#{' are only allowed when the 'syntaxType' option of the 'recordAndTuple' plugin is set to 'hash'",
+  RecordNoProto: "'__proto__' is not allowed in Record expressions",
   RestTrailingComma: "Unexpected trailing comma after rest element",
   SloppyFunction:
     "In non-strict mode code, functions can only be declared at top level, inside a block, or as the body of an if statement",
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/expression.js b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/expression.js
index cee5d30bc0d2..d59223926640 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/expression.js
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/expression.js
@@ -74,12 +74,15 @@ export default class ExpressionParser extends LValParser {
   +takeDecorators: (node: N.HasDecorators) => void;
   */
 
-  // Check if property __proto__ has been used more than once.
+  // For object literal, check if property __proto__ has been used more than once.
   // If the expression is a destructuring assignment, then __proto__ may appear
   // multiple times. Otherwise, __proto__ is a duplicated key.
 
-  checkDuplicatedProto(
+  // For record expression, check if property __proto__ exists but allows "__proto__"
+
+  checkProto(
     prop: N.ObjectMember | N.SpreadElement,
+    isRecord: boolean,
     protoRef: { used: boolean },
     refExpressionErrors: ?ExpressionErrors,
   ): void {
@@ -88,16 +91,21 @@ export default class ExpressionParser extends LValParser {
       prop.type === "ObjectMethod" ||
       prop.computed ||
       // $FlowIgnore
-      prop.shorthand
+      (prop.shorthand && !isRecord)
     ) {
       return;
     }
 
     const key = prop.key;
+    const keyIsIdentifier = key.type === "Identifier";
     // It is either an Identifier or a String/NumericLiteral
-    const name = key.type === "Identifier" ? key.name : String(key.value);
+    const name = keyIsIdentifier ? key.name : key.value;
 
     if (name === "__proto__") {
+      if (isRecord) {
+        if (keyIsIdentifier) this.raise(key.start, Errors.RecordNoProto);
+        return;
+      }
       if (protoRef.used) {
         if (refExpressionErrors) {
           // Store the first redefinition's position, otherwise ignore because
@@ -1554,7 +1562,7 @@ export default class ExpressionParser extends LValParser {
       const prop = this.parseObjectMember(isPattern, refExpressionErrors);
       if (!isPattern) {
         // $FlowIgnore RestElement will never be returned if !isPattern
-        this.checkDuplicatedProto(prop, propHash, refExpressionErrors);
+        this.checkProto(prop, isRecord, propHash, refExpressionErrors);
       }
 
       if (
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/plugins/estree.js b/packages/babel-parser/src/plugins/estree.js
index f8021751dfcd..796e0d7e5293 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/plugins/estree.js
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/plugins/estree.js
@@ -143,8 +143,9 @@ export default (superClass: Class<Parser>): Class<Parser> =>
       }
     }
 
-    checkDuplicatedProto(
+    checkProto(
       prop: N.ObjectMember | N.SpreadElement,
+      isRecord: boolean,
       protoRef: { used: boolean },
       refExpressionErrors: ?ExpressionErrors,
     ): void {
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ export default (superClass: Class<Parser>): Class<Parser> =>
       if (prop.method) {
         return;
       }
-      super.checkDuplicatedProto(prop, protoRef, refExpressionErrors);
+      super.checkProto(prop, isRecord, protoRef, refExpressionErrors);
     }
 
     isValidDirective(stmt: N.Statement): boolean {
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..adc41ad4d9b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#{
+  __proto__: null
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..703c537be360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [["recordAndTuple", { "syntaxType": "hash" }]]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dfef90fb7e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-identifier/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: '__proto__' is not allowed in Record expressions (2:2)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "ExpressionStatement",
+        "start":0,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1}},
+        "expression": {
+          "type": "RecordExpression",
+          "start":0,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1}},
+          "properties": [
+            {
+              "type": "ObjectProperty",
+              "start":5,"end":20,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2},"end":{"line":2,"column":17}},
+              "method": false,
+              "key": {
+                "type": "Identifier",
+                "start":5,"end":14,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2},"end":{"line":2,"column":11},"identifierName":"__proto__"},
+                "name": "__proto__"
+              },
+              "computed": false,
+              "shorthand": false,
+              "value": {
+                "type": "NullLiteral",
+                "start":16,"end":20,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":13},"end":{"line":2,"column":17}}
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2f934a93b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+var __proto__;
+#{
+  __proto__
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..703c537be360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [["recordAndTuple", { "syntaxType": "hash" }]]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4bbb03bc273c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/invalid-record-proto-shorthand/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":31,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: '__proto__' is not allowed in Record expressions (3:2)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":31,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":14,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":1,"column":14}},
+        "declarations": [
+          {
+            "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+            "start":4,"end":13,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":4},"end":{"line":1,"column":13}},
+            "id": {
+              "type": "Identifier",
+              "start":4,"end":13,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":4},"end":{"line":1,"column":13},"identifierName":"__proto__"},
+              "name": "__proto__"
+            },
+            "init": null
+          }
+        ],
+        "kind": "var"
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "ExpressionStatement",
+        "start":15,"end":31,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1}},
+        "expression": {
+          "type": "RecordExpression",
+          "start":15,"end":31,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1}},
+          "properties": [
+            {
+              "type": "ObjectProperty",
+              "start":20,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":2},"end":{"line":3,"column":11}},
+              "method": false,
+              "key": {
+                "type": "Identifier",
+                "start":20,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":2},"end":{"line":3,"column":11},"identifierName":"__proto__"},
+                "name": "__proto__"
+              },
+              "computed": false,
+              "shorthand": true,
+              "value": {
+                "type": "Identifier",
+                "start":20,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":2},"end":{"line":3,"column":11},"identifierName":"__proto__"},
+                "name": "__proto__"
+              },
+              "extra": {
+                "shorthand": true
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b632681d3d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#{
+  "__proto__": null,
+  "__proto__": null,
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..703c537be360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [["recordAndTuple", { "syntaxType": "hash" }]]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dc814f7992f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/record-and-tuple/record-proto-string-literal/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "ExpressionStatement",
+        "start":0,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1}},
+        "expression": {
+          "type": "RecordExpression",
+          "start":0,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1}},
+          "properties": [
+            {
+              "type": "ObjectProperty",
+              "start":5,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2},"end":{"line":2,"column":19}},
+              "method": false,
+              "key": {
+                "type": "StringLiteral",
+                "start":5,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2},"end":{"line":2,"column":13}},
+                "extra": {
+                  "rawValue": "__proto__",
+                  "raw": "\"__proto__\""
+                },
+                "value": "__proto__"
+              },
+              "computed": false,
+              "shorthand": false,
+              "value": {
+                "type": "NullLiteral",
+                "start":18,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":15},"end":{"line":2,"column":19}}
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "ObjectProperty",
+              "start":26,"end":43,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":2},"end":{"line":3,"column":19}},
+              "method": false,
+              "key": {
+                "type": "StringLiteral",
+                "start":26,"end":37,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":2},"end":{"line":3,"column":13}},
+                "extra": {
+                  "rawValue": "__proto__",
+                  "raw": "\"__proto__\""
+                },
+                "value": "__proto__"
+              },
+              "computed": false,
+              "shorthand": false,
+              "value": {
+                "type": "NullLiteral",
+                "start":39,"end":43,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":15},"end":{"line":3,"column":19}}
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "extra": {
+            "trailingComma": 43
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}