Prepare for 24.0.0

[iajoiner]

Which issue does this PR close?

Re #2759.

Rationale for this change

Prepare for biweekly release

What changes are included in this PR?

1. New version
2. Updated changelog -- see https://github.com/iajoiner/arrow-rs/blob/prepare_for_24.0.0/CHANGELOG.md

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes

[iajoiner]

@alamb It is indeed much smoother now! Looks like dev/release/label_issues.py requires admin rights. We might want to add it to README.md. Also since I don't have admin rights we still need to run that particular script.

[iajoiner]

Also sed -i '' is only necessary for macOS. On Linux the empty string is omitted.

[alamb]

@iajoiner I made some changes in f657fc2 and 03e07de

Let me know what you think

[iajoiner]

@alamb These are great! Really thanks!

[alamb]

Thanks again @iajoiner

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = e2bf158 and contender = 6477db1. 6477db1 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-rs-commits is not supported on ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-rs-commits is not supported on test-mac-arm] test-mac-arm
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-rs-commits is not supported on ursa-i9-9960x] ursa-i9-9960x
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-rs-commits is not supported on ursa-thinkcentre-m75q] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java