diff --git a/src/material/card/_card-theme.scss b/src/material/card/_card-theme.scss
index 8b9b320c1b2a..c667b81d881f 100644
--- a/src/material/card/_card-theme.scss
+++ b/src/material/card/_card-theme.scss
@@ -8,12 +8,16 @@
 @use '@material/theme/theme-color' as mdc-theme-color;
 @use 'sass:color';
 @use 'sass:map';
+@use 'sass:meta';
 
 @mixin color($config-or-theme) {
   $config: theming.get-color-config($config-or-theme);
   $foreground: map.get($config, foreground);
 
   @include mdc-helpers.using-mdc-theme($config) {
+    $on-surface: mdc-theme-color.prop-value(on-surface);
+    $surface: mdc-theme-color.prop-value(surface);
+
     .mat-mdc-card {
       // MDC's theme has `container-elevation` and `container-shadow-color` tokens, but we can't
       // use them because they output under a `.mdc-card` selector whereas the rest of the theme
@@ -21,15 +25,18 @@
       // different error.
       @include private.private-theme-elevation(1, $config);
       @include mdc-elevated-card-theme.theme((
-        container-color: mdc-theme-color.prop-value(surface),
+        container-color: $surface,
       ));
     }
 
     .mat-mdc-card-outlined {
       @include private.private-theme-elevation(0, $config);
       @include mdc-outlined-card-theme.theme((
-        outline-color: color.mix(mdc-theme-color.prop-value(on-surface),
-          mdc-theme-color.prop-value(surface), 12%)
+        outline-color: if(
+          meta.type-of($on-surface) == color and meta.type-of($surface) == color,
+          color.mix($on-surface, $surface, 12%),
+          $on-surface
+        )
       ));
     }
 
diff --git a/src/material/chips/_chips-theme.scss b/src/material/chips/_chips-theme.scss
index 65ae18053096..49354e533288 100644
--- a/src/material/chips/_chips-theme.scss
+++ b/src/material/chips/_chips-theme.scss
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 @use 'sass:color';
 @use 'sass:map';
+@use 'sass:meta';
 @use '@material/chips/chip-theme' as mdc-chip-theme;
 @use '@material/chips/chip-set' as mdc-chip-set;
 @use '@material/theme/theme-color' as mdc-theme-color;
@@ -42,9 +43,18 @@
   $is-dark: map.get($config, is-dark);
 
   @include mdc-helpers.using-mdc-theme($config) {
+    $on-surface: mdc-theme-color.prop-value(on-surface);
+    $surface: mdc-theme-color.prop-value(surface);
+
     .mat-mdc-standard-chip {
+      $standard-background: if(
+        meta.type-of($on-surface) == color and meta.type-of($surface) == color,
+        color.mix($on-surface, $surface, 12%),
+        $on-surface
+      );
+
       @include _chip-variant(
-        color.mix(mdc-theme-color.prop-value(on-surface), mdc-theme-color.prop-value(surface), 12%),
+        $standard-background,
         if($is-dark, mdc-color-palette.$grey-50, mdc-color-palette.$grey-900)
       );
 
diff --git a/src/material/core/mdc-helpers/_mdc-helpers.scss b/src/material/core/mdc-helpers/_mdc-helpers.scss
index e6b2320fcc71..eced4eea4d6a 100644
--- a/src/material/core/mdc-helpers/_mdc-helpers.scss
+++ b/src/material/core/mdc-helpers/_mdc-helpers.scss
@@ -97,6 +97,21 @@ $mat-typography-mdc-level-mappings: (
   );
 }
 
+// MDC logs a warning if the `contrast-tone` function is called with a CSS variable.
+// This function falls back to determining the tone based on whether the theme is light or dark.
+@function _variable-safe-contrast-tone($value, $is-dark) {
+  @if ($value == 'dark' or $value == 'light' or type-of($value) == 'color') {
+    @return mdc-theme-color.contrast-tone($value);
+  }
+
+  @return if($is-dark, 'light', 'dark');
+}
+
+@function _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill($text-style, $fill-color, $is-dark) {
+  $contrast-tone: _variable-safe-contrast-tone($fill-color, $is-dark);
+  @return map.get(map.get(mdc-theme-color.$text-colors, $contrast-tone), $text-style);
+}
+
 // Configures MDC's global variables to reflect the given theme, applies the given styles,
 // then resets the global variables to prevent unintended side effects.
 @mixin using-mdc-theme($config) {
@@ -104,6 +119,7 @@ $mat-typography-mdc-level-mappings: (
   $accent: theming.get-color-from-palette(map.get($config, accent));
   $warn: theming.get-color-from-palette(map.get($config, warn));
   $background-palette: map.get($config, background);
+  $is-dark: map.get($config, is-dark);
 
   // Save the original values.
   $orig-primary: mdc-theme-color.$primary;
@@ -120,17 +136,17 @@ $mat-typography-mdc-level-mappings: (
   // Set new values based on the given Angular Material theme.
   mdc-theme-color.$primary: $primary;
   mdc-theme-color.$on-primary:
-      if(mdc-theme-color.contrast-tone(mdc-theme-color.$primary) == 'dark', #000, #fff);
+      if(_variable-safe-contrast-tone(mdc-theme-color.$primary, $is-dark) == 'dark', #000, #fff);
   mdc-theme-color.$secondary: $accent;
   mdc-theme-color.$on-secondary:
-      if(mdc-theme-color.contrast-tone(mdc-theme-color.$secondary) == 'dark', #000, #fff);
+      if(_variable-safe-contrast-tone(mdc-theme-color.$secondary, $is-dark) == 'dark', #000, #fff);
   mdc-theme-color.$background: theming.get-color-from-palette($background-palette, background);
   mdc-theme-color.$surface: theming.get-color-from-palette($background-palette, card);
   mdc-theme-color.$on-surface:
-      if(mdc-theme-color.contrast-tone(mdc-theme-color.$surface) == 'dark', #000, #fff);
+      if(_variable-safe-contrast-tone(mdc-theme-color.$surface, $is-dark) == 'dark', #000, #fff);
   mdc-theme-color.$error: $warn;
   mdc-theme-color.$on-error:
-      if(mdc-theme-color.contrast-tone(mdc-theme-color.$error) == 'dark', #000, #fff);
+      if(_variable-safe-contrast-tone(mdc-theme-color.$error, $is-dark) == 'dark', #000, #fff);
   mdc-theme-color.$property-values: (
       // Primary
       primary: mdc-theme-color.$primary,
@@ -148,27 +164,27 @@ $mat-typography-mdc-level-mappings: (
       on-error: mdc-theme-color.$on-error,
       // Text-primary on "background" background
       text-primary-on-background:
-          mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(primary, mdc-theme-color.$background),
+          _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(primary, mdc-theme-color.$background, $is-dark),
       text-secondary-on-background:
-          mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(secondary, mdc-theme-color.$background),
+          _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(secondary, mdc-theme-color.$background, $is-dark),
       text-hint-on-background:
-          mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(hint, mdc-theme-color.$background),
+          _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(hint, mdc-theme-color.$background, $is-dark),
       text-disabled-on-background:
-          mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(disabled, mdc-theme-color.$background),
+          _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(disabled, mdc-theme-color.$background, $is-dark),
       text-icon-on-background:
-          mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(icon, mdc-theme-color.$background),
+          _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(icon, mdc-theme-color.$background, $is-dark),
       // Text-primary on "light" background
-      text-primary-on-light: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(primary, light),
-      text-secondary-on-light: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(secondary, light),
-      text-hint-on-light: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(hint, light),
-      text-disabled-on-light: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(disabled, light),
-      text-icon-on-light: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(icon, light),
+      text-primary-on-light: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(primary, light, $is-dark),
+      text-secondary-on-light: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(secondary, light, $is-dark),
+      text-hint-on-light: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(hint, light, $is-dark),
+      text-disabled-on-light: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(disabled, light, $is-dark),
+      text-icon-on-light: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(icon, light, $is-dark),
       // Text-primary on "dark" background
-      text-primary-on-dark: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(primary, dark),
-      text-secondary-on-dark: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(secondary, dark),
-      text-hint-on-dark: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(hint, dark),
-      text-disabled-on-dark: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(disabled, dark),
-      text-icon-on-dark: mdc-theme-color.ink-color-for-fill_(icon, dark)
+      text-primary-on-dark: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(primary, dark, $is-dark),
+      text-secondary-on-dark: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(secondary, dark, $is-dark),
+      text-hint-on-dark: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(hint, dark, $is-dark),
+      text-disabled-on-dark: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(disabled, dark, $is-dark),
+      text-icon-on-dark: _variable-safe-ink-color-for-fill(icon, dark, $is-dark)
   );
 
   // Apply given rules.
diff --git a/src/material/core/theming/tests/test-css-variables-theme.scss b/src/material/core/theming/tests/test-css-variables-theme.scss
index 3598d81dc422..0222b8b55200 100644
--- a/src/material/core/theming/tests/test-css-variables-theme.scss
+++ b/src/material/core/theming/tests/test-css-variables-theme.scss
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 @use 'sass:map';
 @use 'sass:meta';
 @use '../all-theme';
+@use '../../typography/all-typography';
 @use '../palette';
 @use '../theming';
 @use '../../../legacy-core/theming/all-theme' as legacy-all-theme;
 
 // Recursively replaces all of the values inside a Sass map with a different value.
-@function replace-all-values($palette, $replacement) {
+@function _replace-all-values($palette, $replacement) {
   $output: ();
 
   @each $key, $value in $palette {
     @if (meta.type-of($value) == 'map') {
-      $output: map.merge(($key: replace-all-values($value, $replacement)), $output);
+      $output: map.merge(($key: _replace-all-values($value, $replacement)), $output);
     }
     @else {
       $output: map.merge(($key: $replacement), $output);
@@ -29,8 +30,10 @@
       primary: $palette,
       accent: $palette,
       warn: $palette
-    )
+    ),
+    typography: all-typography.define-typography-config(),
   ));
-  $css-var-theme: replace-all-values($theme, var(--test-var));
+  $css-var-theme: _replace-all-values($theme, var(--test-var));
+  @include all-theme.all-component-themes($css-var-theme);
   @include legacy-all-theme.all-legacy-component-themes($css-var-theme);
 }
diff --git a/src/material/form-field/_mdc-text-field-theme-variable-refresh.scss b/src/material/form-field/_mdc-text-field-theme-variable-refresh.scss
index bed2445556bf..bb85e7a9a15a 100644
--- a/src/material/form-field/_mdc-text-field-theme-variable-refresh.scss
+++ b/src/material/form-field/_mdc-text-field-theme-variable-refresh.scss
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 @use '@material/textfield' as mdc-textfield;
 @use '@material/theme/variables' as mdc-theme-variables;
 @use 'sass:color';
+@use 'sass:meta';
 
 // Mixin that refreshes the MDC text-field theming variables. This mixin should be used when
 // the base MDC theming variables have been explicitly updated, but the component specific
@@ -8,38 +9,48 @@
 // restores the previous values for the variables to avoid unexpected global side effects.
 @mixin private-text-field-refresh-theme-variables() {
   $_disabled-border: mdc-textfield.$disabled-border;
-  mdc-textfield.$disabled-border: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.06);
+  mdc-textfield.$disabled-border:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.06);
   $_bottom-line-hover: mdc-textfield.$bottom-line-hover;
-  mdc-textfield.$bottom-line-hover: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.87);
+  mdc-textfield.$bottom-line-hover:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.87);
   $_bottom-line-idle: mdc-textfield.$bottom-line-idle;
-  mdc-textfield.$bottom-line-idle: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.42);
+  mdc-textfield.$bottom-line-idle:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.42);
   $_label: mdc-textfield.$label;
-  mdc-textfield.$label: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.6);
+  mdc-textfield.$label: _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.6);
   $_ink-color: mdc-textfield.$ink-color;
-  mdc-textfield.$ink-color: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.87);
+  mdc-textfield.$ink-color: _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.87);
   $_focused-label-color: mdc-textfield.$focused-label-color;
-  mdc-textfield.$focused-label-color: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(primary), 0.87);
+  mdc-textfield.$focused-label-color:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(primary), 0.87);
   $_placeholder-ink-color: mdc-textfield.$placeholder-ink-color;
-  mdc-textfield.$placeholder-ink-color: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.6);
+  mdc-textfield.$placeholder-ink-color:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.6);
   $_disabled-label-color: mdc-textfield.$disabled-label-color;
-  mdc-textfield.$disabled-label-color: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.38);
+  mdc-textfield.$disabled-label-color:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.38);
   $_disabled-ink-color: mdc-textfield.$disabled-ink-color;
-  mdc-textfield.$disabled-ink-color: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.38);
+  mdc-textfield.$disabled-ink-color:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.38);
   $_disabled-placeholder-ink-color: mdc-textfield.$disabled-placeholder-ink-color;
   mdc-textfield.$disabled-placeholder-ink-color:
-      rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.38);
+      _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.38);
   $_background: mdc-textfield.$background;
-  mdc-textfield.$background: color.mix(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface),
+  mdc-textfield.$background: _variable-safe-mix(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface),
     mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(surface), 4%);
   $_disabled-background: mdc-textfield.$disabled-background;
-  mdc-textfield.$disabled-background: color.mix(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface),
+  mdc-textfield.$disabled-background: _variable-safe-mix(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface),
     mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(surface), 2%);
   $_outlined-idle-border: mdc-textfield.$outlined-idle-border;
-  mdc-textfield.$outlined-idle-border: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.38);
+  mdc-textfield.$outlined-idle-border:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.38);
   $_outlined-disabled-border: mdc-textfield.$outlined-disabled-border;
-  mdc-textfield.$outlined-disabled-border: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.06);
+  mdc-textfield.$outlined-disabled-border:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.06);
   $_outlined-hover-border: mdc-textfield.$outlined-hover-border;
-  mdc-textfield.$outlined-hover-border: rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.87);
+  mdc-textfield.$outlined-hover-border:
+    _variable-safe-rgba(mdc-theme-variables.prop-value(on-surface), 0.87);
 
   // The content will be generated with the refreshed MDC text-field theming variables.
   @content;
@@ -61,3 +72,17 @@
   mdc-textfield.$outlined-disabled-border: $_outlined-disabled-border;
   mdc-textfield.$outlined-hover-border: $_outlined-hover-border;
 }
+
+@function _variable-safe-rgba($color, $opacity) {
+  @if (meta.type-of($color) == color) {
+    @return rgba($color, $opacity);
+  }
+  @return $color;
+}
+
+@function _variable-safe-mix($first-color, $second-color, $amount) {
+  @if (meta.type-of($first-color) == color and meta.type-of($second-color) == color) {
+    @return color.mix($first-color, $second-color, $amount);
+  }
+  @return $first-color;
+}
diff --git a/src/material/progress-bar/_progress-bar-theme.scss b/src/material/progress-bar/_progress-bar-theme.scss
index abac1a5011bd..6cd97f617199 100644
--- a/src/material/progress-bar/_progress-bar-theme.scss
+++ b/src/material/progress-bar/_progress-bar-theme.scss
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@
 @use '@material/theme/theme-color' as mdc-theme-color;
 @use '@material/linear-progress/linear-progress-theme' as mdc-linear-progress-theme;
 @use 'sass:color';
+@use 'sass:meta';
 
 
 @mixin _palette-styles($color) {
+  $color-value: mdc-theme-color.prop-value($color);
+
   // We can't set the `track-color` using `theme`, because it isn't possible for it to use a CSS
   // variable since MDC's buffer animation works by constructing an SVG string from this color.
   @include mdc-linear-progress-theme.theme-styles((
@@ -13,11 +16,15 @@
     // writing, their buffer color is hardcoded to #e6e6e6 which both doesn't account for theming
     // and doesn't match the Material design spec. For now we approximate the buffer background by
     // applying an opacity to the color of the bar.
-    track-color: color.adjust(mdc-theme-color.prop-value($color), $alpha: -0.75),
+    track-color: if(
+      meta.type-of($color-value) == color,
+      color.adjust($color-value, $alpha: -0.75),
+      $color-value
+    ),
   ));
 
   @include mdc-linear-progress-theme.theme((
-    active-indicator-color: mdc-theme-color.prop-value($color),
+    active-indicator-color: $color-value,
   ));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/material/snack-bar/_snack-bar-theme.scss b/src/material/snack-bar/_snack-bar-theme.scss
index cb0e2e1a37ee..d54e31a122f6 100644
--- a/src/material/snack-bar/_snack-bar-theme.scss
+++ b/src/material/snack-bar/_snack-bar-theme.scss
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 @use '@material/snackbar/snackbar-theme' as mdc-snackbar-theme;
 @use 'sass:color';
 @use 'sass:map';
+@use 'sass:meta';
 
 
 @mixin color($config-or-theme) {
@@ -18,16 +19,19 @@
       $button-color:
           if($is-dark-theme, currentColor, theming.get-color-from-palette($accent, text));
       --mat-mdc-snack-bar-button-color: #{$button-color};
+      $on-surface: mdc-theme-color.prop-value(on-surface);
+      $surface: mdc-theme-color.prop-value(surface);
 
       @include mdc-snackbar-theme.theme((
-        container-color: color.mix(
-          mdc-theme-color.prop-value(on-surface),
-          mdc-theme-color.prop-value(surface),
-          80%
+        container-color: if(
+          meta.type-of($on-surface) == color and meta.type-of($surface) == color,
+          color.mix($on-surface, $surface, 80%),
+          $on-surface
         ),
-        supporting-text-color: rgba(
-          mdc-theme-color.prop-value(surface),
-          mdc-theme-color.text-emphasis(high)
+        supporting-text-color: if(
+          meta.type-of($surface) == color,
+          rgba($surface, mdc-theme-color.text-emphasis(high)),
+          $surface
         )
       ));
     }