fix(localize): render placeholder types in extracted XLIFF files

[petebacondarwin]

The previous ViewEngine extraction tooling added ctype and type
attributes to XLIFF 1.2 and 2.0 translation files, respectively.

This commit adds this to the new $localize based extraction tooling.
Since the new extraction tooling works from the compiled output rather
than having direct access to the template content, the placeholder types
must be inferred from the name of the placeholder. This is considered
reasonable, since it already does this to compute opening and closing
tag placeholders.

Fixes #38791

[AndrewKushnir]

LGTM, thanks for the fix @petebacondarwin 👍

[ngbot]

I see that you just added the action: merge label, but the following checks are still failing:
     status "ci/circleci: build-ivy-npm-packages" is failing
     status "ci/circleci: build-npm-packages" is failing
     status "ci/circleci: test" is failing
     missing required status "ci/circleci: publish_snapshot"

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[alxhub]

Hi @petebacondarwin! This PR conflicts with 10.2.x. I've updated it to target: rc - please open a separate PR for the patch branch if it needs to merge there.

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