diff --git a/lib/compile/index.ts b/lib/compile/index.ts
index 5ff1f0cbc0..3dac2699b2 100644
--- a/lib/compile/index.ts
+++ b/lib/compile/index.ts
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ export function resolveRef(
   baseId: string,
   ref: string
 ): AnySchema | SchemaEnv | undefined {
-  ref = resolveUrl(baseId, ref, this.opts.uriResolver)
+  ref = resolveUrl(this.opts.uriResolver, baseId, ref)
   const schOrFunc = root.refs[ref]
   if (schOrFunc) return schOrFunc
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ export function resolveSchema(
   ref: string // reference to resolve
 ): SchemaEnv | undefined {
   const p = this.opts.uriResolver.parse(ref)
-  const refPath = _getFullPath(p, this.opts.uriResolver)
+  const refPath = _getFullPath(this.opts.uriResolver, p)
   let baseId = getFullPath(this.opts.uriResolver, root.baseId, undefined)
   // TODO `Object.keys(root.schema).length > 0` should not be needed - but removing breaks 2 tests
   if (Object.keys(root.schema).length > 0 && refPath === baseId) {
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ export function resolveSchema(
     const {schema} = schOrRef
     const {schemaId} = this.opts
     const schId = schema[schemaId]
-    if (schId) baseId = resolveUrl(baseId, schId, this.opts.uriResolver)
+    if (schId) baseId = resolveUrl(this.opts.uriResolver, baseId, schId)
     return new SchemaEnv({schema, schemaId, root, baseId})
   }
   return getJsonPointer.call(this, p, schOrRef)
@@ -307,12 +307,12 @@ function getJsonPointer(
     // TODO PREVENT_SCOPE_CHANGE could be defined in keyword def?
     const schId = typeof schema === "object" && schema[this.opts.schemaId]
     if (!PREVENT_SCOPE_CHANGE.has(part) && schId) {
-      baseId = resolveUrl(baseId, schId, this.opts.uriResolver)
+      baseId = resolveUrl(this.opts.uriResolver, baseId, schId)
     }
   }
   let env: SchemaEnv | undefined
   if (typeof schema != "boolean" && schema.$ref && !schemaHasRulesButRef(schema, this.RULES)) {
-    const $ref = resolveUrl(baseId, schema.$ref, this.opts.uriResolver)
+    const $ref = resolveUrl(this.opts.uriResolver, baseId, schema.$ref)
     env = resolveSchema.call(this, root, $ref)
   }
   // even though resolution failed we need to return SchemaEnv to throw exception
diff --git a/lib/compile/jtd/serialize.ts b/lib/compile/jtd/serialize.ts
index 7130b0088b..7ebd26acbb 100644
--- a/lib/compile/jtd/serialize.ts
+++ b/lib/compile/jtd/serialize.ts
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ function serializeRef(cxt: SerializeCxt): void {
   const {gen, self, data, definitions, schema, schemaEnv} = cxt
   const {ref} = schema
   const refSchema = definitions[ref]
-  if (!refSchema) throw new MissingRefError("", ref, self.opts.uriResolver, `No definition ${ref}`)
+  if (!refSchema) throw new MissingRefError(self.opts.uriResolver, "", ref, `No definition ${ref}`)
   if (!hasRef(refSchema)) return serializeCode({...cxt, schema: refSchema})
   const {root} = schemaEnv
   const sch = compileSerializer.call(self, new SchemaEnv({schema: refSchema, root}), definitions)
diff --git a/lib/compile/ref_error.ts b/lib/compile/ref_error.ts
index 2fda171fff..386bf04995 100644
--- a/lib/compile/ref_error.ts
+++ b/lib/compile/ref_error.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ export default class MissingRefError extends Error {
   readonly missingRef: string
   readonly missingSchema: string
 
-  constructor(baseId: string, ref: string, resolver: UriResolver, msg?: string) {
+  constructor(resolver: UriResolver, baseId: string, ref: string, msg?: string) {
     super(msg || `can't resolve reference ${ref} from id ${baseId}`)
-    this.missingRef = resolveUrl(baseId, ref, resolver)
+    this.missingRef = resolveUrl(resolver, baseId, ref)
     this.missingSchema = normalizeId(getFullPath(resolver, this.missingRef))
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/compile/resolve.ts b/lib/compile/resolve.ts
index 038cea1c33..4360eab068 100644
--- a/lib/compile/resolve.ts
+++ b/lib/compile/resolve.ts
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ function countKeys(schema: AnySchemaObject): number {
 export function getFullPath(resolver: UriResolver, id = "", normalize?: boolean): string {
   if (normalize !== false) id = normalizeId(id)
   const p = resolver.parse(id)
-  return _getFullPath(p, resolver)
+  return _getFullPath(resolver, p)
 }
 
-export function _getFullPath(p: URIComponents, resolver: UriResolver): string {
+export function _getFullPath(resolver: UriResolver, p: URIComponents): string {
   const serialized = resolver.serialize(p)
   return serialized.split("#")[0] + "#"
 }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export function normalizeId(id: string | undefined): string {
   return id ? id.replace(TRAILING_SLASH_HASH, "") : ""
 }
 
-export function resolveUrl(baseId: string, id: string, resolver: UriResolver): string {
+export function resolveUrl(resolver: UriResolver, baseId: string, id: string): string {
   id = normalizeId(id)
   return resolver.resolve(baseId, id)
 }
diff --git a/lib/vocabularies/jtd/ref.ts b/lib/vocabularies/jtd/ref.ts
index 5f57b6d655..97646ee1b6 100644
--- a/lib/vocabularies/jtd/ref.ts
+++ b/lib/vocabularies/jtd/ref.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const def: CodeKeywordDefinition = {
     function validateJtdRef(): void {
       const refSchema = (root.schema as AnySchemaObject).definitions?.[ref]
       if (!refSchema) {
-        throw new MissingRefError("", ref, it.opts.uriResolver, `No definition ${ref}`)
+        throw new MissingRefError(it.opts.uriResolver, "", ref, `No definition ${ref}`)
       }
       if (hasRef(refSchema) || !it.opts.inlineRefs) callValidate(refSchema)
       else inlineRefSchema(refSchema)
diff --git a/spec/keyword.spec.ts b/spec/keyword.spec.ts
index 81c8a79cae..e8930b0d59 100644
--- a/spec/keyword.spec.ts
+++ b/spec/keyword.spec.ts
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ describe("User-defined keywords", () => {
             it.baseId.should.equal("#")
             const ref = schema.$ref
             const validate = _ajv.getSchema(ref)
-            if (!validate) throw new _Ajv.MissingRefError(it.baseId, ref, _ajv.opts.uriResolver)
+            if (!validate) throw new _Ajv.MissingRefError(_ajv.opts.uriResolver, it.baseId, ref)
             return validate.schema
           },
           metaSchema: {