diff --git a/src/print/handlers.js b/src/print/handlers.js
index 9603f88..64ce576 100644
--- a/src/print/handlers.js
+++ b/src/print/handlers.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { push_array } from '../utils/push_array';
 // heavily based on https://github.com/davidbonnet/astring
 // released under MIT license https://github.com/davidbonnet/astring/blob/master/LICENSE
 
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ const join = (nodes, separator) => {
 
 	const joined = [...nodes[0]];
 	for (let i = 1; i < nodes.length; i += 1) {
-		joined.push(separator, ...nodes[i]);
+		push_array(joined, [separator], nodes[i]);
 	}
 	return joined;
 };
@@ -326,8 +327,8 @@ const handle_body = (nodes, state) => {
 			);
 		}
 
-		chunks.push(
-			...body[i]
+		push_array(chunks,
+			body[i]
 		);
 
 		needed_padding = needs_padding;
@@ -356,10 +357,10 @@ const handle_var_declaration = (node, state) => {
 	const separator = c(multiple_lines ? `,\n${state.indent}\t` : ', ');
 
 	if (multiple_lines) {
-		chunks.push(...join(declarators, separator));
+		push_array(chunks, join(declarators, separator));
 	} else {
-		chunks.push(
-			...join(declarators, separator)
+		push_array(chunks,
+			join(declarators, separator)
 		);
 	}
 
@@ -416,9 +417,9 @@ const handlers = {
 		];
 
 		if (node.alternate) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c(' else '),
-				...handle(node.alternate, state)
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c(' else ')],
+				handle(node.alternate, state)
 			);
 		}
 
@@ -463,19 +464,19 @@ const handlers = {
 
 		node.cases.forEach(block => {
 			if (block.test) {
-				chunks.push(
-					c(`\n${state.indent}\tcase `),
-					...handle(block.test, { ...state, indent: `${state.indent}\t` }),
-					c(':')
+				push_array(chunks,
+					[c(`\n${state.indent}\tcase `)],
+					handle(block.test, { ...state, indent: `${state.indent}\t` }),
+					[c(':')]
 				);
 			} else {
 				chunks.push(c(`\n${state.indent}\tdefault:`))
 			}
 
 			block.consequent.forEach(statement => {
-				chunks.push(
-					c(`\n${state.indent}\t\t`),
-					...handle(statement, { ...state, indent: `${state.indent}\t\t` })
+				push_array(chunks,
+					[c(`\n${state.indent}\t\t`)],
+					handle(statement, { ...state, indent: `${state.indent}\t\t` })
 				);
 			});
 		});
@@ -513,20 +514,20 @@ const handlers = {
 
 		if (node.handler) {
 			if (node.handler.param) {
-				chunks.push(
-					c(' catch('),
-					...handle(node.handler.param, state),
-					c(') ')
+				push_array(chunks,
+					[c(' catch(')],
+					handle(node.handler.param, state),
+					[c(') ')]
 				);
 			} else {
 				chunks.push(c(' catch '));
 			}
 
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.handler.body, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.handler.body, state));
 		}
 
 		if (node.finalizer) {
-			chunks.push(c(' finally '), ...handle(node.finalizer, state));
+			push_array(chunks, [c(' finally ')], handle(node.finalizer, state));
 		}
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -556,20 +557,20 @@ const handlers = {
 
 		if (node.init) {
 			if (node.init.type === 'VariableDeclaration') {
-				chunks.push(...handle_var_declaration(node.init, state));
+				push_array(chunks, handle_var_declaration(node.init, state));
 			} else {
-				chunks.push(...handle(node.init, state));
+				push_array(chunks, handle(node.init, state));
 			}
 		}
 
 		chunks.push(c('; '));
-		if (node.test) chunks.push(...handle(node.test, state));
+		if (node.test) push_array(chunks, handle(node.test, state));
 		chunks.push(c('; '));
-		if (node.update) chunks.push(...handle(node.update, state));
+		if (node.update) push_array(chunks, handle(node.update, state));
 
-		chunks.push(
-			c(') '),
-			...handle(node.body, state)
+		push_array(chunks,
+			[c(') ')],
+			handle(node.body, state)
 		);
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -581,16 +582,16 @@ const handlers = {
 		];
 
 		if (node.left.type === 'VariableDeclaration') {
-			chunks.push(...handle_var_declaration(node.left, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle_var_declaration(node.left, state));
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.left, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.left, state));
 		}
 
-		chunks.push(
-			c(node.type === 'ForInStatement' ? ` in ` : ` of `),
-			...handle(node.right, state),
-			c(') '),
-			...handle(node.body, state)
+		push_array(chunks,
+			[c(node.type === 'ForInStatement' ? ` in ` : ` of `)],
+			handle(node.right, state),
+			[c(') ')],
+			handle(node.body, state)
 		);
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -605,7 +606,7 @@ const handlers = {
 
 		if (node.async) chunks.push(c('async '));
 		chunks.push(c(node.generator ? 'function* ' : 'function '));
-		if (node.id) chunks.push(...handle(node.id, state));
+		if (node.id) push_array(chunks, handle(node.id, state));
 		chunks.push(c('('));
 
 		const params = node.params.map(p => handle(p, {
@@ -621,20 +622,20 @@ const handlers = {
 		const separator = c(multiple_lines ? `,\n${state.indent}` : ', ');
 
 		if (multiple_lines) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c(`\n${state.indent}\t`),
-				...join(params, separator),
-				c(`\n${state.indent}`)
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c(`\n${state.indent}\t`)],
+				join(params, separator),
+				[c(`\n${state.indent}`)]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(
-				...join(params, separator)
+			push_array(chunks,
+				join(params, separator)
 			);
 		}
 
-		chunks.push(
-			c(') '),
-			...handle(node.body, state)
+		push_array(chunks,
+			[c(') ')],
+			handle(node.body, state)
 		);
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -659,17 +660,17 @@ const handlers = {
 	ClassDeclaration(node, state) {
 		const chunks = [c('class ')];
 
-		if (node.id) chunks.push(...handle(node.id, state), c(' '));
+		if (node.id) push_array(chunks, handle(node.id, state), [c(' ')]);
 
 		if (node.superClass) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('extends '),
-				...handle(node.superClass, state),
-				c(' ')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('extends ')],
+				handle(node.superClass, state),
+				[c(' ')]
 			);
 		}
 
-		chunks.push(...handle(node.body, state));
+		push_array(chunks, handle(node.body, state));
 
 		return chunks;
 	},
@@ -717,16 +718,16 @@ const handlers = {
 				const width = get_length(chunks) + specifiers.map(get_length).reduce(sum, 0) + (2 * specifiers.length) + 6 + get_length(source);
 
 				if (width > 80) {
-					chunks.push(
-						c(`{\n\t`),
-						...join(specifiers, c(',\n\t')),
-						c('\n}')
+					push_array(chunks,
+						[c(`{\n\t`)],
+						join(specifiers, c(',\n\t')),
+						[c('\n}')]
 					);
 				} else {
-					chunks.push(
-						c(`{ `),
-						...join(specifiers, c(', ')),
-						c(' }')
+					push_array(chunks,
+						[c(`{ `)],
+						join(specifiers, c(', ')),
+						[c(' }')]
 					);
 				}
 			}
@@ -734,9 +735,9 @@ const handlers = {
 			chunks.push(c(' from '));
 		}
 
-		chunks.push(
-			...source,
-			c(';')
+		push_array(chunks,
+			source,
+			[c(';')]
 		);
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -763,7 +764,7 @@ const handlers = {
 		const chunks = [c('export ')];
 
 		if (node.declaration) {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.declaration, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.declaration, state));
 		} else {
 			const specifiers = node.specifiers.map((/** @type {ExportSpecifier} */ specifier) => {
 				const name = handle(specifier.local, state)[0];
@@ -779,23 +780,23 @@ const handlers = {
 			const width = 7 + specifiers.map(get_length).reduce(sum, 0) + 2 * specifiers.length;
 
 			if (width > 80) {
-				chunks.push(
-					c('{\n\t'),
-					...join(specifiers, c(',\n\t')),
-					c('\n}')
+				push_array(chunks,
+					[c('{\n\t')],
+					join(specifiers, c(',\n\t')),
+					[c('\n}')]
 				);
 			} else {
-				chunks.push(
-					c('{ '),
-					...join(specifiers, c(', ')),
-					c(' }')
+				push_array(chunks,
+					[c('{ ')],
+					join(specifiers, c(', ')),
+					[c(' }')]
 				);
 			}
 
 			if (node.source) {
-				chunks.push(
-					c(' from '),
-					...handle(node.source, state)
+				push_array(chunks,
+					[c(' from ')],
+					handle(node.source, state)
 				);
 			}
 		}
@@ -834,26 +835,26 @@ const handlers = {
 		}
 
 		if (node.computed) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('['),
-				...handle(node.key, state),
-				c(']')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('[')],
+				handle(node.key, state),
+				[c(']')]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.key, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.key, state));
 		}
 
 		chunks.push(c('('));
 
 		const { params } = node.value;
 		for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i += 1) {
-			chunks.push(...handle(params[i], state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(params[i], state));
 			if (i < params.length - 1) chunks.push(c(', '));
 		}
 
-		chunks.push(
-			c(') '),
-			...handle(node.value.body, state)
+		push_array(chunks,
+			[c(') ')],
+			handle(node.value.body, state)
 		);
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -865,30 +866,30 @@ const handlers = {
 		if (node.async) chunks.push(c('async '));
 
 		if (node.params.length === 1 && node.params[0].type === 'Identifier') {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.params[0], state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.params[0], state));
 		} else {
 			const params = node.params.map(param => handle(param, {
 				...state,
 				indent: state.indent + '\t'
 			}));
 
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...join(params, c(', ')),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				join(params, c(', ')),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		}
 
 		chunks.push(c(' => '));
 
 		if (node.body.type === 'ObjectExpression') {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...handle(node.body, state),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				handle(node.body, state),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.body, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.body, state));
 		}
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -934,11 +935,11 @@ const handlers = {
 		const { quasis, expressions } = node;
 
 		for (let i = 0; i < expressions.length; i++) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c(quasis[i].value.raw),
-				c('${'),
-				...handle(expressions[i], state),
-				c('}')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c(quasis[i].value.raw)],
+				[c('${')],
+				handle(expressions[i], state),
+				[c('}')]
 			);
 		}
 
@@ -983,14 +984,14 @@ const handlers = {
 		);
 
 		if (multiple_lines) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c(`\n${state.indent}\t`),
-				...join(elements, c(`,\n${state.indent}\t`)),
-				c(`\n${state.indent}`),
-				...sparse_commas
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c(`\n${state.indent}\t`)],
+				join(elements, c(`,\n${state.indent}\t`)),
+				[c(`\n${state.indent}`)],
+				sparse_commas
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...join(elements, c(', ')), ...sparse_commas);
+			push_array(chunks, join(elements, c(', ')), sparse_commas);
 		}
 
 		chunks.push(c(']'));
@@ -1010,7 +1011,7 @@ const handlers = {
 		const separator = c(', ');
 
 		node.properties.forEach((p, i) => {
-			chunks.push(...handle(p, {
+			push_array(chunks, handle(p, {
 				...state,
 				indent: state.indent + '\t'
 			}));
@@ -1098,12 +1099,12 @@ const handlers = {
 				chunks.push(c('*'));
 			}
 
-			chunks.push(
-				...(node.computed ? [c('['), ...key, c(']')] : key),
-				c('('),
-				...join(node.value.params.map((/** @type {Pattern} */ param) => handle(param, state)), c(', ')),
-				c(') '),
-				...handle(node.value.body, state)
+			push_array(chunks,
+				node.computed ? [c('['), ...key, c(']')] : key,
+				[c('(')],
+				join(node.value.params.map((/** @type {Pattern} */ param) => handle(param, state)), c(', ')),
+				[c(') ')],
+				handle(node.value.body, state)
 			);
 
 			return chunks;
@@ -1129,7 +1130,7 @@ const handlers = {
 		const chunks = [c('{ ')];
 
 		for (let i = 0; i < node.properties.length; i += 1) {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.properties[i], state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.properties[i], state));
 			if (i < node.properties.length - 1) chunks.push(c(', '));
 		}
 
@@ -1159,13 +1160,13 @@ const handlers = {
 			EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE[node.argument.type] <
 			EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE.UnaryExpression
 		) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...handle(node.argument, state),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				handle(node.argument, state),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.argument, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.argument, state));
 		}
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -1196,25 +1197,25 @@ const handlers = {
 		// }
 
 		if (needs_parens(node.left, node, false)) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...handle(node.left, state),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				handle(node.left, state),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.left, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.left, state));
 		}
 
 		chunks.push(c(` ${node.operator} `));
 
 		if (needs_parens(node.right, node, true)) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...handle(node.right, state),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				handle(node.right, state),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.right, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.right, state));
 		}
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -1227,12 +1228,12 @@ const handlers = {
 			EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE[node.test.type] >
 			EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE.ConditionalExpression
 		) {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.test, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.test, state));
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...handle(node.test, state),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				handle(node.test, state),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		}
 
@@ -1247,18 +1248,18 @@ const handlers = {
 		);
 
 		if (multiple_lines) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c(`\n${state.indent}? `),
-				...consequent,
-				c(`\n${state.indent}: `),
-				...alternate
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c(`\n${state.indent}? `)],
+				consequent,
+				[c(`\n${state.indent}: `)],
+				alternate
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(
-				c(` ? `),
-				...consequent,
-				c(` : `),
-				...alternate
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c(` ? `)],
+				consequent,
+				[c(` : `)],
+				alternate
 			);
 		}
 
@@ -1272,13 +1273,13 @@ const handlers = {
 			EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE[node.callee.type] <
 			EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE.CallExpression || has_call_expression(node.callee)
 		) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...handle(node.callee, state),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				handle(node.callee, state),
+				[c(')')]
 			)
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.callee, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.callee, state));
 		}
 
 		// TODO this is copied from CallExpression — DRY it out
@@ -1291,10 +1292,10 @@ const handlers = {
 			? c(',\n' + state.indent)
 			: c(', ');
 
-		chunks.push(
-			c('('),
-			...join(args, separator),
-			c(')')
+		push_array(chunks,
+			[c('(')],
+			join(args, separator),
+			[c(')')]
 		);
 
 		return chunks;
@@ -1311,13 +1312,13 @@ const handlers = {
 			EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE[node.callee.type] <
 			EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE.CallExpression
 		) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...handle(node.callee, state),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				handle(node.callee, state),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.callee, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.callee, state));
 		}
 
 		if (/** @type {SimpleCallExpression} */ (node).optional) {
@@ -1335,16 +1336,16 @@ const handlers = {
 				indent: `${state.indent}\t`
 			}));
 
-			chunks.push(
-				c(`(\n${state.indent}\t`),
-				...join(args, c(`,\n${state.indent}\t`)),
-				c(`\n${state.indent})`)
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c(`(\n${state.indent}\t`)],
+				join(args, c(`,\n${state.indent}\t`)),
+				[c(`\n${state.indent})`)]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...join(args, c(', ')),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				join(args, c(', ')),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		}
 
@@ -1355,28 +1356,28 @@ const handlers = {
 		const chunks = [];
 
 		if (EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE[node.object.type] < EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE.MemberExpression) {
-			chunks.push(
-				c('('),
-				...handle(node.object, state),
-				c(')')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('(')],
+				handle(node.object, state),
+				[c(')')]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(...handle(node.object, state));
+			push_array(chunks, handle(node.object, state));
 		}
 
 		if (node.computed) {
 			if (node.optional) {
 				chunks.push(c('?.'));
 			}
-			chunks.push(
-				c('['),
-				...handle(node.property, state),
-				c(']')
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c('[')],
+				handle(node.property, state),
+				[c(']')]
 			);
 		} else {
-			chunks.push(
-				c(node.optional ? '?.' : '.'),
-				...handle(node.property, state)
+			push_array(chunks,
+				[c(node.optional ? '?.' : '.')],
+				handle(node.property, state)
 			);
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/utils/push_array.js b/src/utils/push_array.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5756cb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/push_array.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export function push_array(this_array, ...other_array_list) {
+  let count = 0;
+  for (let a = 0; a < other_array_list.length; a++) {
+    const other_array = other_array_list[a];
+    for (let i = 0; i < other_array.length; i++) {
+      this_array.push(other_array[i]);
+    }
+    count += other_array.length;
+  }
+  return count;
+};