Issue linting CFFI modules

[dalcinl]

Steps to reproduce

1. Install the following in the user site-packages

pip install -q --user pylint
pip install -q --user git+https://github.com/wolever/python-cffi-example.git

2. Run the following snipped in a terminal (tested on Fedora 36 with system Python 3.10)

cd /tmp
cat <<EOF > .pylintrc
[MASTER]
extension-pkg-whitelist = cffi_example._person
EOF

cat <<EOF > test.py
from cffi_example._person import ffi, lib
EOF

pylint test.py

Current behavior

************* Module test
test.py:1:0: C0114: Missing module docstring (missing-module-docstring)
cffi_example._person.lib
Exception on node <ImportFrom l.1 at 0x7f637397f700> in file '/tmp/test.py'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/modutils.py", line 590, in _spec_from_modpath
    found_spec = spec.find_spec(modpath, [context])
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/interpreter/_import/spec.py", line 393, in find_spec
    finder, spec = _find_spec_with_path(
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/interpreter/_import/spec.py", line 362, in _find_spec_with_path
    raise ImportError(f"No module named {'.'.join(module_parts)}")
ImportError: No module named cffi_example._person.lib

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/utils/ast_walker.py", line 90, in walk
    callback(astroid)
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/checkers/imports.py", line 523, in visit_importfrom
    self._add_imported_module(node, f"{imported_module.name}.{name}")
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/checkers/imports.py", line 833, in _add_imported_module
    importedmodname = astroid.modutils.get_module_part(
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/modutils.py", line 438, in get_module_part
    file_from_modpath(
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/modutils.py", line 334, in file_from_modpath
    return file_info_from_modpath(modpath, path, context_file).location
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/modutils.py", line 384, in file_info_from_modpath
    return _spec_from_modpath(modpath, path, context)
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/modutils.py", line 593, in _spec_from_modpath
    found_spec = spec.find_spec(modpath, path)
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/interpreter/_import/spec.py", line 393, in find_spec
    finder, spec = _find_spec_with_path(
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/interpreter/_import/spec.py", line 355, in _find_spec_with_path
    spec = finder_instance.find_module(
  File "/home/dalcinl/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/astroid/interpreter/_import/spec.py", line 205, in find_module
    submodule_path = sys.modules[modname].__path__
AttributeError: cffi library 'cffi_example._person' has no function, constant or global variable named '__path__'
test.py:1:0: F0002: test.py: Fatal error while checking 'test.py'. Please open an issue in our bug tracker so we address this. There is a pre-filled template that you can use in '/home/dalcinl/.cache/pylint/pylint-crash-2022-09-09-21-23-07.txt'. (astroid-error)

------------------------------------------------------------------
Your code has been rated at 0.00/10 (previous run: 0.00/10, +0.00)

Expected behavior

No traceback!

python -c "from astroid import __pkginfo__; print(__pkginfo__.version)" output

2.12.9

Additional information

CFFI inject objects in sys.modules that are not real module objects:

In [1]: import sys

In [2]: import cffi_example._person

In [3]: lib = sys.modules['cffi_example._person.lib']

In [4]: print(type(lib), type(lib).__base__)
<class '_cffi_backend.Lib'> <class 'object'>

In [5]: lib
Out[5]: <Lib object for 'cffi_example._person'>

As astroid is asking for the missing __path__ attribute, things go bad.
However, looking at astroid sources, I don't think that the root of the issue, but rather a confusion with detection of namespace packages.

[jacobtylerwalls]

Thanks for the report, same as pylint-dev/pylint#7399