helpers.go

// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of go-ethereum.
//
// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package ethtest

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/utesting"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/rlpx"
)

var (
	pretty = spew.ConfigState{
		Indent:                  "  ",
		DisableCapacities:       true,
		DisablePointerAddresses: true,
		SortKeys:                true,
	}
	timeout = 20 * time.Second
)

// dial attempts to dial the given node and perform a handshake,
// returning the created Conn if successful.
func (s *Suite) dial() (*Conn, error) {
	// dial
	fd, err := net.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%v:%d", s.Dest.IP(), s.Dest.TCP()))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	conn := Conn{Conn: rlpx.NewConn(fd, s.Dest.Pubkey())}
	// do encHandshake
	conn.ourKey, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
	_, err = conn.Handshake(conn.ourKey)
	if err != nil {
		conn.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	// set default p2p capabilities
	conn.caps = []p2p.Cap{
		{Name: "eth", Version: 66},
		{Name: "eth", Version: 67},
	}
	conn.ourHighestProtoVersion = 67
	return &conn, nil
}

// dialSnap creates a connection with snap/1 capability.
func (s *Suite) dialSnap() (*Conn, error) {
	conn, err := s.dial()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial failed: %v", err)
	}
	conn.caps = append(conn.caps, p2p.Cap{Name: "snap", Version: 1})
	conn.ourHighestSnapProtoVersion = 1
	return conn, nil
}

// peer performs both the protocol handshake and the status message
// exchange with the node in order to peer with it.
func (c *Conn) peer(chain *Chain, status *Status) error {
	if err := c.handshake(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("handshake failed: %v", err)
	}
	if _, err := c.statusExchange(chain, status); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("status exchange failed: %v", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// handshake performs a protocol handshake with the node.
func (c *Conn) handshake() error {
	defer c.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
	c.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))
	// write hello to client
	pub0 := crypto.FromECDSAPub(&c.ourKey.PublicKey)[1:]
	ourHandshake := &Hello{
		Version: 5,
		Caps:    c.caps,
		ID:      pub0,
	}
	if err := c.Write(ourHandshake); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("write to connection failed: %v", err)
	}
	// read hello from client
	switch msg := c.Read().(type) {
	case *Hello:
		// set snappy if version is at least 5
		if msg.Version >= 5 {
			c.SetSnappy(true)
		}
		c.negotiateEthProtocol(msg.Caps)
		if c.negotiatedProtoVersion == 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not negotiate eth protocol (remote caps: %v, local eth version: %v)", msg.Caps, c.ourHighestProtoVersion)
		}
		// If we require snap, verify that it was negotiated
		if c.ourHighestSnapProtoVersion != c.negotiatedSnapProtoVersion {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not negotiate snap protocol (remote caps: %v, local snap version: %v)", msg.Caps, c.ourHighestSnapProtoVersion)
		}
		return nil
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("bad handshake: %#v", msg)
	}
}

// negotiateEthProtocol sets the Conn's eth protocol version to highest
// advertised capability from peer.
func (c *Conn) negotiateEthProtocol(caps []p2p.Cap) {
	var highestEthVersion uint
	var highestSnapVersion uint
	for _, capability := range caps {
		switch capability.Name {
		case "eth":
			if capability.Version > highestEthVersion && capability.Version <= c.ourHighestProtoVersion {
				highestEthVersion = capability.Version
			}
		case "snap":
			if capability.Version > highestSnapVersion && capability.Version <= c.ourHighestSnapProtoVersion {
				highestSnapVersion = capability.Version
			}
		}
	}
	c.negotiatedProtoVersion = highestEthVersion
	c.negotiatedSnapProtoVersion = highestSnapVersion
}

// statusExchange performs a `Status` message exchange with the given node.
func (c *Conn) statusExchange(chain *Chain, status *Status) (Message, error) {
	defer c.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
	c.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(20 * time.Second))

	// read status message from client
	var message Message
loop:
	for {
		switch msg := c.Read().(type) {
		case *Status:
			if have, want := msg.Head, chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].Hash(); have != want {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrong head block in status, want:  %#x (block %d) have %#x",
					want, chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].NumberU64(), have)
			}
			if have, want := msg.TD.Cmp(chain.TD()), 0; have != want {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrong TD in status: have %v want %v", have, want)
			}
			if have, want := msg.ForkID, chain.ForkID(); !reflect.DeepEqual(have, want) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrong fork ID in status: have %v, want %v", have, want)
			}
			if have, want := msg.ProtocolVersion, c.ourHighestProtoVersion; have != uint32(want) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrong protocol version: have %v, want %v", have, want)
			}
			message = msg
			break loop
		case *Disconnect:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("disconnect received: %v", msg.Reason)
		case *Ping:
			c.Write(&Pong{}) // TODO (renaynay): in the future, this should be an error
			// (PINGs should not be a response upon fresh connection)
		default:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad status message: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
		}
	}
	// make sure eth protocol version is set for negotiation
	if c.negotiatedProtoVersion == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("eth protocol version must be set in Conn")
	}
	if status == nil {
		// default status message
		status = &Status{
			ProtocolVersion: uint32(c.negotiatedProtoVersion),
			NetworkID:       chain.chainConfig.ChainID.Uint64(),
			TD:              chain.TD(),
			Head:            chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].Hash(),
			Genesis:         chain.blocks[0].Hash(),
			ForkID:          chain.ForkID(),
		}
	}
	if err := c.Write(status); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write to connection failed: %v", err)
	}
	return message, nil
}

// createSendAndRecvConns creates two connections, one for sending messages to the
// node, and one for receiving messages from the node.
func (s *Suite) createSendAndRecvConns() (*Conn, *Conn, error) {
	sendConn, err := s.dial()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("dial failed: %v", err)
	}
	recvConn, err := s.dial()
	if err != nil {
		sendConn.Close()
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("dial failed: %v", err)
	}
	return sendConn, recvConn, nil
}

// readAndServe serves GetBlockHeaders requests while waiting
// on another message from the node.
func (c *Conn) readAndServe(chain *Chain, timeout time.Duration) Message {
	start := time.Now()
	for time.Since(start) < timeout {
		c.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))

		msg := c.Read()
		switch msg := msg.(type) {
		case *Ping:
			c.Write(&Pong{})
		case *GetBlockHeaders:
			headers, err := chain.GetHeaders(msg)
			if err != nil {
				return errorf("could not get headers for inbound header request: %v", err)
			}
			resp := &BlockHeaders{
				RequestId:          msg.ReqID(),
				BlockHeadersPacket: eth.BlockHeadersPacket(headers),
			}
			if err := c.Write(resp); err != nil {
				return errorf("could not write to connection: %v", err)
			}
		default:
			return msg
		}
	}
	return errorf("no message received within %v", timeout)
}

// headersRequest executes the given `GetBlockHeaders` request.
func (c *Conn) headersRequest(request *GetBlockHeaders, chain *Chain, reqID uint64) ([]*types.Header, error) {
	defer c.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
	c.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(20 * time.Second))

	// write request
	request.RequestId = reqID
	if err := c.Write(request); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not write to connection: %v", err)
	}

	// wait for response
	msg := c.waitForResponse(chain, timeout, request.RequestId)
	resp, ok := msg.(*BlockHeaders)
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected message received: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
	}
	headers := []*types.Header(resp.BlockHeadersPacket)
	return headers, nil
}

func (c *Conn) snapRequest(msg Message, id uint64, chain *Chain) (Message, error) {
	defer c.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
	c.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
	if err := c.Write(msg); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not write to connection: %v", err)
	}
	return c.ReadSnap(id)
}

// headersMatch returns whether the received headers match the given request
func headersMatch(expected []*types.Header, headers []*types.Header) bool {
	return reflect.DeepEqual(expected, headers)
}

// waitForResponse reads from the connection until a response with the expected
// request ID is received.
func (c *Conn) waitForResponse(chain *Chain, timeout time.Duration, requestID uint64) Message {
	for {
		msg := c.readAndServe(chain, timeout)
		if msg.ReqID() == requestID {
			return msg
		}
	}
}

// sendNextBlock broadcasts the next block in the chain and waits
// for the node to propagate the block and import it into its chain.
func (s *Suite) sendNextBlock() error {
	// set up sending and receiving connections
	sendConn, recvConn, err := s.createSendAndRecvConns()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer sendConn.Close()
	defer recvConn.Close()
	if err = sendConn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("peering failed: %v", err)
	}
	if err = recvConn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("peering failed: %v", err)
	}
	// create new block announcement
	nextBlock := s.fullChain.blocks[s.chain.Len()]
	blockAnnouncement := &NewBlock{
		Block: nextBlock,
		TD:    s.fullChain.TotalDifficultyAt(s.chain.Len()),
	}
	// send announcement and wait for node to request the header
	if err = s.testAnnounce(sendConn, recvConn, blockAnnouncement); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to announce block: %v", err)
	}
	// wait for client to update its chain
	if err = s.waitForBlockImport(recvConn, nextBlock); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to receive confirmation of block import: %v", err)
	}
	// update test suite chain
	s.chain.blocks = append(s.chain.blocks, nextBlock)
	return nil
}

// testAnnounce writes a block announcement to the node and waits for the node
// to propagate it.
func (s *Suite) testAnnounce(sendConn, receiveConn *Conn, blockAnnouncement *NewBlock) error {
	if err := sendConn.Write(blockAnnouncement); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not write to connection: %v", err)
	}
	return s.waitAnnounce(receiveConn, blockAnnouncement)
}

// waitAnnounce waits for a NewBlock or NewBlockHashes announcement from the node.
func (s *Suite) waitAnnounce(conn *Conn, blockAnnouncement *NewBlock) error {
	for {
		switch msg := conn.readAndServe(s.chain, timeout).(type) {
		case *NewBlock:
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(blockAnnouncement.Block.Header(), msg.Block.Header()) {
				return fmt.Errorf("wrong header in block announcement: \nexpected %v "+
					"\ngot %v", blockAnnouncement.Block.Header(), msg.Block.Header())
			}
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(blockAnnouncement.TD, msg.TD) {
				return fmt.Errorf("wrong TD in announcement: expected %v, got %v", blockAnnouncement.TD, msg.TD)
			}
			return nil
		case *NewBlockHashes:
			hashes := *msg
			if blockAnnouncement.Block.Hash() != hashes[0].Hash {
				return fmt.Errorf("wrong block hash in announcement: expected %v, got %v", blockAnnouncement.Block.Hash(), hashes[0].Hash)
			}
			return nil
		case *NewPooledTransactionHashes:
			// ignore tx announcements from previous tests
			continue
		default:
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
		}
	}
}

func (s *Suite) waitForBlockImport(conn *Conn, block *types.Block) error {
	defer conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
	conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(20 * time.Second))
	// create request
	req := &GetBlockHeaders{
		GetBlockHeadersPacket: &eth.GetBlockHeadersPacket{
			Origin: eth.HashOrNumber{Hash: block.Hash()},
			Amount: 1,
		},
	}

	// loop until BlockHeaders response contains desired block, confirming the
	// node imported the block
	for {
		requestID := uint64(54)
		headers, err := conn.headersRequest(req, s.chain, requestID)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("GetBlockHeader request failed: %v", err)
		}
		// if headers response is empty, node hasn't imported block yet, try again
		if len(headers) == 0 {
			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
			continue
		}
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(block.Header(), headers[0]) {
			return fmt.Errorf("wrong header returned: wanted %v, got %v", block.Header(), headers[0])
		}
		return nil
	}
}

func (s *Suite) oldAnnounce() error {
	sendConn, receiveConn, err := s.createSendAndRecvConns()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer sendConn.Close()
	defer receiveConn.Close()
	if err := sendConn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("peering failed: %v", err)
	}
	if err := receiveConn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("peering failed: %v", err)
	}
	// create old block announcement
	oldBlockAnnounce := &NewBlock{
		Block: s.chain.blocks[len(s.chain.blocks)/2],
		TD:    s.chain.blocks[len(s.chain.blocks)/2].Difficulty(),
	}
	if err := sendConn.Write(oldBlockAnnounce); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not write to connection: %v", err)
	}
	// wait to see if the announcement is propagated
	switch msg := receiveConn.readAndServe(s.chain, time.Second*8).(type) {
	case *NewBlock:
		block := *msg
		if block.Block.Hash() == oldBlockAnnounce.Block.Hash() {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected: block propagated: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
		}
	case *NewBlockHashes:
		hashes := *msg
		for _, hash := range hashes {
			if hash.Hash == oldBlockAnnounce.Block.Hash() {
				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected: block announced: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
			}
		}
	case *Error:
		errMsg := *msg
		// check to make sure error is timeout (propagation didn't come through == test successful)
		if !strings.Contains(errMsg.String(), "timeout") {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", pretty.Sdump(msg))
		}
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Suite) maliciousHandshakes(t *utesting.T) error {
	conn, err := s.dial()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("dial failed: %v", err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	// write hello to client
	pub0 := crypto.FromECDSAPub(&conn.ourKey.PublicKey)[1:]
	handshakes := []*Hello{
		{
			Version: 5,
			Caps: []p2p.Cap{
				{Name: largeString(2), Version: 64},
			},
			ID: pub0,
		},
		{
			Version: 5,
			Caps: []p2p.Cap{
				{Name: "eth", Version: 64},
				{Name: "eth", Version: 65},
			},
			ID: append(pub0, byte(0)),
		},
		{
			Version: 5,
			Caps: []p2p.Cap{
				{Name: "eth", Version: 64},
				{Name: "eth", Version: 65},
			},
			ID: append(pub0, pub0...),
		},
		{
			Version: 5,
			Caps: []p2p.Cap{
				{Name: "eth", Version: 64},
				{Name: "eth", Version: 65},
			},
			ID: largeBuffer(2),
		},
		{
			Version: 5,
			Caps: []p2p.Cap{
				{Name: largeString(2), Version: 64},
			},
			ID: largeBuffer(2),
		},
	}
	for i, handshake := range handshakes {
		t.Logf("Testing malicious handshake %v\n", i)
		if err := conn.Write(handshake); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not write to connection: %v", err)
		}
		// check that the peer disconnected
		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
			switch msg := conn.readAndServe(s.chain, 20*time.Second).(type) {
			case *Disconnect:
			case *Error:
			case *Hello:
				// Discard one hello as Hello's are sent concurrently
				continue
			default:
				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
			}
		}
		// dial for the next round
		conn, err = s.dial()
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("dial failed: %v", err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Suite) maliciousStatus(conn *Conn) error {
	if err := conn.handshake(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("handshake failed: %v", err)
	}
	status := &Status{
		ProtocolVersion: uint32(conn.negotiatedProtoVersion),
		NetworkID:       s.chain.chainConfig.ChainID.Uint64(),
		TD:              largeNumber(2),
		Head:            s.chain.blocks[s.chain.Len()-1].Hash(),
		Genesis:         s.chain.blocks[0].Hash(),
		ForkID:          s.chain.ForkID(),
	}

	// get status
	msg, err := conn.statusExchange(s.chain, status)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("status exchange failed: %v", err)
	}
	switch msg := msg.(type) {
	case *Status:
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("expected status, got: %#v ", msg)
	}

	// wait for disconnect
	switch msg := conn.readAndServe(s.chain, timeout).(type) {
	case *Disconnect:
		return nil
	case *Error:
		return nil
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("expected disconnect, got: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
	}
}

func (s *Suite) hashAnnounce() error {
	// create connections
	sendConn, recvConn, err := s.createSendAndRecvConns()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create connections: %v", err)
	}
	defer sendConn.Close()
	defer recvConn.Close()
	if err := sendConn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("peering failed: %v", err)
	}
	if err := recvConn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("peering failed: %v", err)
	}

	// create NewBlockHashes announcement
	type anno struct {
		Hash   common.Hash // Hash of one particular block being announced
		Number uint64      // Number of one particular block being announced
	}
	nextBlock := s.fullChain.blocks[s.chain.Len()]
	announcement := anno{Hash: nextBlock.Hash(), Number: nextBlock.Number().Uint64()}
	newBlockHash := &NewBlockHashes{announcement}
	if err := sendConn.Write(newBlockHash); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write to connection: %v", err)
	}

	// Announcement sent, now wait for a header request
	msg := sendConn.Read()
	blockHeaderReq, ok := msg.(*GetBlockHeaders)
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
	}
	if blockHeaderReq.Amount != 1 {
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected number of block headers requested: %v", blockHeaderReq.Amount)
	}
	if blockHeaderReq.Origin.Hash != announcement.Hash {
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected block header requested. Announced:\n %v\n Remote request:\n%v",
			pretty.Sdump(announcement),
			pretty.Sdump(blockHeaderReq))
	}
	err = sendConn.Write(&BlockHeaders{
		RequestId:          blockHeaderReq.ReqID(),
		BlockHeadersPacket: eth.BlockHeadersPacket{nextBlock.Header()},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write to connection: %v", err)
	}

	// wait for block announcement
	msg = recvConn.readAndServe(s.chain, timeout)
	switch msg := msg.(type) {
	case *NewBlockHashes:
		hashes := *msg
		if len(hashes) != 1 {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected new block hash announcement: wanted 1 announcement, got %d", len(hashes))
		}
		if nextBlock.Hash() != hashes[0].Hash {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected block hash announcement, wanted %v, got %v", nextBlock.Hash(),
				hashes[0].Hash)
		}

	case *NewBlock:
		// node should only propagate NewBlock without having requested the body if the body is empty
		nextBlockBody := nextBlock.Body()
		if len(nextBlockBody.Transactions) != 0 || len(nextBlockBody.Uncles) != 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected non-empty new block propagated: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
		}
		if msg.Block.Hash() != nextBlock.Hash() {
			return fmt.Errorf("mismatched hash of propagated new block: wanted %v, got %v",
				nextBlock.Hash(), msg.Block.Hash())
		}
		// check to make sure header matches header that was sent to the node
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(nextBlock.Header(), msg.Block.Header()) {
			return fmt.Errorf("incorrect header received: wanted %v, got %v", nextBlock.Header(), msg.Block.Header())
		}
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected: %s", pretty.Sdump(msg))
	}
	// confirm node imported block
	if err := s.waitForBlockImport(recvConn, nextBlock); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error waiting for node to import new block: %v", err)
	}
	// update the chain
	s.chain.blocks = append(s.chain.blocks, nextBlock)
	return nil
}