free.rs

//! Free functions that create iterator adaptors or call iterator methods.
//!
//! The benefit of free functions is that they accept any [`IntoIterator`] as
//! argument, so the resulting code may be easier to read.

#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
use std::fmt::Display;
use std::iter::{self, Zip};
#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
type VecIntoIter<T> = alloc::vec::IntoIter<T>;

#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
use alloc::{
    string::String,
};

use crate::Itertools;
use crate::intersperse::{Intersperse, IntersperseWith};

pub use crate::adaptors::{
    interleave,
    merge,
    put_back,
};
#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
pub use crate::put_back_n_impl::put_back_n;
#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
pub use crate::multipeek_impl::multipeek;
#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
pub use crate::peek_nth::peek_nth;
#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
pub use crate::kmerge_impl::kmerge;
pub use crate::zip_eq_impl::zip_eq;
pub use crate::merge_join::merge_join_by;
#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
pub use crate::rciter_impl::rciter;

/// Iterate `iterable` with a particular value inserted between each element.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::intersperse`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::intersperse;
///
/// itertools::assert_equal(intersperse((0..3), 8), vec![0, 8, 1, 8, 2]);
/// ```
pub fn intersperse<I>(iterable: I, element: I::Item) -> Intersperse<I::IntoIter>
    where I: IntoIterator,
          <I as IntoIterator>::Item: Clone
{
    Itertools::intersperse(iterable.into_iter(), element)
}

/// Iterate `iterable` with a particular value created by a function inserted
/// between each element.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::intersperse_with`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::intersperse_with;
///
/// let mut i = 10;
/// itertools::assert_equal(intersperse_with((0..3), || { i -= 1; i }), vec![0, 9, 1, 8, 2]);
/// assert_eq!(i, 8);
/// ```
pub fn intersperse_with<I, F>(iterable: I, element: F) -> IntersperseWith<I::IntoIter, F>
    where I: IntoIterator,
          F: FnMut() -> I::Item
{
    Itertools::intersperse_with(iterable.into_iter(), element)
}

/// Iterate `iterable` with a running index.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::enumerate`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::enumerate;
///
/// for (i, elt) in enumerate(&[1, 2, 3]) {
///     /* loop body */
/// }
/// ```
pub fn enumerate<I>(iterable: I) -> iter::Enumerate<I::IntoIter>
    where I: IntoIterator
{
    iterable.into_iter().enumerate()
}

/// Iterate `iterable` in reverse.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::rev`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::rev;
///
/// for elt in rev(&[1, 2, 3]) {
///     /* loop body */
/// }
/// ```
pub fn rev<I>(iterable: I) -> iter::Rev<I::IntoIter>
    where I: IntoIterator,
          I::IntoIter: DoubleEndedIterator
{
    iterable.into_iter().rev()
}

/// Returns an iterator pairing two iterators together in lock step.
///
/// `zip()` returns an iterator where each item consists of items from the _first_ and _second_ iterator. 
/// The returned iterator has as many items as the shortest of the two iterators passed in.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::zip`].
/// 
/// ## Example
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::zip;
///
/// let data_1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; 
/// let data_2 = ['a', 'b', 'c']; 
/// let mut result: Vec<(i32, char)> = Vec::new();
///
/// for (a, b) in zip(&data_1, &data_2) {
///     result.push((*a, *b));
/// }
/// assert_eq!(result, vec![(1, 'a'),(2, 'b'),(3, 'c')]);
/// ```
#[deprecated(note="Use std::iter::zip instead", since="1.59.0")]
pub fn zip<I, J>(i: I, j: J) -> Zip<I::IntoIter, J::IntoIter>
    where I: IntoIterator,
          J: IntoIterator
{
    i.into_iter().zip(j)
}

/// Create an iterator that first iterates `i` and then `j`.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::chain`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::chain;
///
/// for elt in chain(&[1, 2, 3], &[4]) {
///     /* loop body */
/// }
/// ```
pub fn chain<I, J>(i: I, j: J) -> iter::Chain<<I as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
    where I: IntoIterator,
          J: IntoIterator<Item = I::Item>
{
    i.into_iter().chain(j)
}

/// Create an iterator that clones each element from &T to T
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::cloned`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::cloned;
///
/// assert_eq!(cloned(b"abc").next(), Some(b'a'));
/// ```
pub fn cloned<'a, I, T: 'a>(iterable: I) -> iter::Cloned<I::IntoIter>
    where I: IntoIterator<Item=&'a T>,
          T: Clone,
{
    iterable.into_iter().cloned()
}

/// Perform a fold operation over the iterable.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::fold`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::fold;
///
/// assert_eq!(fold(&[1., 2., 3.], 0., |a, &b| f32::max(a, b)), 3.);
/// ```
pub fn fold<I, B, F>(iterable: I, init: B, f: F) -> B
    where I: IntoIterator,
          F: FnMut(B, I::Item) -> B
{
    iterable.into_iter().fold(init, f)
}

/// Test whether the predicate holds for all elements in the iterable.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::all`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::all;
///
/// assert!(all(&[1, 2, 3], |elt| *elt > 0));
/// ```
pub fn all<I, F>(iterable: I, f: F) -> bool
    where I: IntoIterator,
          F: FnMut(I::Item) -> bool
{
    iterable.into_iter().all(f)
}

/// Test whether the predicate holds for any elements in the iterable.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::any`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::any;
///
/// assert!(any(&[0, -1, 2], |elt| *elt > 0));
/// ```
pub fn any<I, F>(iterable: I, f: F) -> bool
    where I: IntoIterator,
          F: FnMut(I::Item) -> bool
{
    iterable.into_iter().any(f)
}

/// Return the maximum value of the iterable.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::max`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::max;
///
/// assert_eq!(max(0..10), Some(9));
/// ```
pub fn max<I>(iterable: I) -> Option<I::Item>
    where I: IntoIterator,
          I::Item: Ord
{
    iterable.into_iter().max()
}

/// Return the minimum value of the iterable.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Iterator::min`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::min;
///
/// assert_eq!(min(0..10), Some(0));
/// ```
pub fn min<I>(iterable: I) -> Option<I::Item>
    where I: IntoIterator,
          I::Item: Ord
{
    iterable.into_iter().min()
}


/// Combine all iterator elements into one String, separated by `sep`.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Itertools::join`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::join;
///
/// assert_eq!(join(&[1, 2, 3], ", "), "1, 2, 3");
/// ```
#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
pub fn join<I>(iterable: I, sep: &str) -> String
    where I: IntoIterator,
          I::Item: Display
{
    iterable.into_iter().join(sep)
}

/// Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Itertools::sorted`].
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::sorted;
/// use itertools::assert_equal;
///
/// assert_equal(sorted("rust".chars()), "rstu".chars());
/// ```
#[cfg(feature = "use_alloc")]
pub fn sorted<I>(iterable: I) -> VecIntoIter<I::Item>
    where I: IntoIterator,
          I::Item: Ord
{
    iterable.into_iter().sorted()
}