diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 1d655334ef71..4be1eb9b4a4e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 - `[jest-circus]` [**BREAKING**] Fail tests when multiple `done()` calls are made ([#10624](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10624))
 - `[jest-circus, jest-jasmine2]` [**BREAKING**] Fail the test instead of just warning when describe returns a value ([#10947](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10947))
+- `[jest-circus]` Expose the test's timeout as `expect.deadline()` ([#10993](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10993))
 - `[jest-config]` [**BREAKING**] Default to Node testing environment instead of browser (JSDOM) ([#9874](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/9874))
 - `[jest-config]` [**BREAKING**] Use `jest-circus` as default test runner ([#10686](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10686))
 - `[jest-config, jest-runtime]` Support ESM for files other than `.js` and `.mjs` ([#10823](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10823))
diff --git a/e2e/__tests__/deadlines.ts b/e2e/__tests__/deadlines.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f23a80b16596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/__tests__/deadlines.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+import {skipSuiteOnJasmine} from '@jest/test-utils';
+import runJest from '../runJest';
+
+skipSuiteOnJasmine();
+
+it('self checks the deadlines are within bounds', () => {
+  const result = runJest('deadlines', ['timings.js']);
+  expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0);
+});
diff --git a/e2e/deadlines/__tests__/timings.js b/e2e/deadlines/__tests__/timings.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b4104d33c6f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/deadlines/__tests__/timings.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const fileStarted = Date.now();
+
+describe('describe', () => {
+  jest.setTimeout(789);
+
+  it('is present for global timeout', () => {
+    const testStarted = Date.now();
+    const deadline = expect.deadline();
+    expect(deadline).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(testStarted);
+    expect(deadline).toBeLessThanOrEqual(testStarted + 789);
+  });
+
+  it('explicit override', () => {
+    const testStarted = Date.now();
+    const deadline = expect.deadline();
+    expect(deadline).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(testStarted);
+    expect(deadline).toBeLessThanOrEqual(testStarted + 456);
+  }, 456);
+});
diff --git a/e2e/deadlines/package.json b/e2e/deadlines/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0967ef424bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/deadlines/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{}
diff --git a/packages/expect/src/index.ts b/packages/expect/src/index.ts
index e205722ab9cf..ec423bf03e39 100644
--- a/packages/expect/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/expect/src/index.ts
@@ -412,6 +412,9 @@ setMatchers(spyMatchers, true, expect as Expect);
 setMatchers(toThrowMatchers, true, expect as Expect);
 
 expect.addSnapshotSerializer = () => void 0;
+expect.deadline = () => {
+  throw new Error('deadline must be implemented by the runtime');
+};
 expect.assertions = assertions;
 expect.hasAssertions = hasAssertions;
 expect.getState = getState;
diff --git a/packages/expect/src/types.ts b/packages/expect/src/types.ts
index 04246ef95dd3..7a6a903dce56 100644
--- a/packages/expect/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/expect/src/types.ts
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ export type Expect = {
   hasAssertions(): void;
   setState(state: Partial<MatcherState>): void;
 
+  // TODO: this is added by test runners, not `expect` itself
+  deadline(): number;
+
   any(expectedObject: any): AsymmetricMatcher;
   anything(): AsymmetricMatcher;
   arrayContaining(sample: Array<unknown>): AsymmetricMatcher;
diff --git a/packages/jest-circus/src/deadlineTimeout.ts b/packages/jest-circus/src/deadlineTimeout.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07283283cfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/jest-circus/src/deadlineTimeout.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {getState} from './state';
+
+export function deadline(): number {
+  const deadline = getState()?.currentlyRunningChildDeadline;
+  if (deadline === null) {
+    throw new Error('bug! no deadline available');
+  }
+  return deadline;
+}
diff --git a/packages/jest-circus/src/legacy-code-todo-rewrite/jestExpect.ts b/packages/jest-circus/src/legacy-code-todo-rewrite/jestExpect.ts
index a13ce01bd3a8..b7a583ad2da6 100644
--- a/packages/jest-circus/src/legacy-code-todo-rewrite/jestExpect.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-circus/src/legacy-code-todo-rewrite/jestExpect.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
   toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot,
   toThrowErrorMatchingSnapshot,
 } from 'jest-snapshot';
+import {deadline} from '../deadlineTimeout';
 
 export type Expect = typeof expect;
 
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ export default (config: Pick<Config.GlobalConfig, 'expand'>): Expect => {
   });
 
   expect.addSnapshotSerializer = addSerializer;
+  expect.deadline = deadline;
 
   return expect;
 };
diff --git a/packages/jest-circus/src/run.ts b/packages/jest-circus/src/run.ts
index d49cfdcb31bf..c8cafc218be6 100644
--- a/packages/jest-circus/src/run.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-circus/src/run.ts
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ const _callCircusHook = async ({
 }): Promise<void> => {
   await dispatch({hook, name: 'hook_start'});
   const timeout = hook.timeout || getState().testTimeout;
+  _updateDeadline(timeout);
 
   try {
     await callAsyncCircusFn(hook, testContext, {
@@ -168,6 +169,7 @@ const _callCircusTest = async (
 ): Promise<void> => {
   await dispatch({name: 'test_fn_start', test});
   const timeout = test.timeout || getState().testTimeout;
+  _updateDeadline(timeout);
   invariant(test.fn, `Tests with no 'fn' should have 'mode' set to 'skipped'`);
 
   if (test.errors.length) {
@@ -185,4 +187,8 @@ const _callCircusTest = async (
   }
 };
 
+const _updateDeadline = (timeout: number): void => {
+  getState().currentlyRunningChildDeadline = Date.now() + timeout - 20;
+};
+
 export default run;
diff --git a/packages/jest-circus/src/state.ts b/packages/jest-circus/src/state.ts
index 5af3c07c22b0..137ea3ea0ff3 100644
--- a/packages/jest-circus/src/state.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-circus/src/state.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ export const ROOT_DESCRIBE_BLOCK_NAME = 'ROOT_DESCRIBE_BLOCK';
 const ROOT_DESCRIBE_BLOCK = makeDescribe(ROOT_DESCRIBE_BLOCK_NAME);
 const INITIAL_STATE: Circus.State = {
   currentDescribeBlock: ROOT_DESCRIBE_BLOCK,
+  currentlyRunningChildDeadline: null,
   currentlyRunningTest: null,
   expand: undefined,
   hasFocusedTests: false,
diff --git a/packages/jest-types/src/Circus.ts b/packages/jest-types/src/Circus.ts
index d93e653d7822..dec60626dcfa 100644
--- a/packages/jest-types/src/Circus.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-types/src/Circus.ts
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ export type GlobalErrorHandlers = {
 export type State = {
   currentDescribeBlock: DescribeBlock;
   currentlyRunningTest?: TestEntry | null; // including when hooks are being executed
+  currentlyRunningChildDeadline: number | null;
   expand?: boolean; // expand error messages
   hasFocusedTests: boolean; // that are defined using test.only
   hasStarted: boolean; // whether the rootDescribeBlock has started running