diff --git a/git-refspec/src/lib.rs b/git-refspec/src/lib.rs
index 3245571277..2d38f3931b 100644
--- a/git-refspec/src/lib.rs
+++ b/git-refspec/src/lib.rs
@@ -23,35 +23,7 @@ pub struct RefSpec {
     dest: Option<bstr::BString>,
 }
 
-mod types;
-pub use types::{Instruction, Mode, Operation};
-
-mod spec {
-    use crate::{Instruction, Mode, RefSpec, RefSpecRef};
-
-    /// Access
-    impl RefSpecRef<'_> {
-        /// Return the refspec mode.
-        pub fn mode(&self) -> Mode {
-            self.mode
-        }
+mod spec;
 
-        /// Transform the state of the refspec into an instruction making clear what to do with it.
-        pub fn instruction(&self) -> Instruction<'_> {
-            todo!()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Conversion
-    impl RefSpecRef<'_> {
-        /// Convert this ref into a standalone, owned copy.
-        pub fn to_owned(&self) -> RefSpec {
-            RefSpec {
-                mode: self.mode,
-                op: self.op,
-                src: self.src.map(ToOwned::to_owned),
-                dest: self.dest.map(ToOwned::to_owned),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
+mod types;
+pub use types::{Fetch, Instruction, Mode, Operation, Push};
diff --git a/git-refspec/src/spec.rs b/git-refspec/src/spec.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9488d2b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-refspec/src/spec.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+use crate::types::Push;
+use crate::{Instruction, Mode, Operation, RefSpec, RefSpecRef};
+use bstr::BStr;
+
+/// Access
+impl RefSpecRef<'_> {
+    /// Return the refspec mode.
+    pub fn mode(&self) -> Mode {
+        self.mode
+    }
+
+    /// Transform the state of the refspec into an instruction making clear what to do with it.
+    pub fn instruction(&self) -> Instruction<'_> {
+        fn has_pattern(item: &BStr) -> bool {
+            item.contains(&b'*')
+        }
+        match (self.op, self.mode, self.src, self.dest) {
+            (Operation::Push, Mode::Normal | Mode::Force, Some(src), None) => Instruction::Push(Push::Single {
+                src,
+                dest: src,
+                allow_non_fast_forward: matches!(self.mode, Mode::Force),
+            }),
+            (Operation::Push, Mode::Normal | Mode::Force, None, None) => Instruction::Push(Push::AllMatchingBranches {
+                allow_non_fast_forward: matches!(self.mode, Mode::Force),
+            }),
+            (Operation::Push, Mode::Normal | Mode::Force, Some(src), Some(dest)) if has_pattern(src) => {
+                Instruction::Push(Push::MultipleWithGlob {
+                    src,
+                    dest,
+                    allow_non_fast_forward: matches!(self.mode, Mode::Force),
+                })
+            }
+            (Operation::Push, Mode::Normal | Mode::Force, Some(src), Some(dest)) => Instruction::Push(Push::Single {
+                src,
+                dest,
+                allow_non_fast_forward: matches!(self.mode, Mode::Force),
+            }),
+            (Operation::Push, Mode::Negative, Some(src), None) if has_pattern(src) => {
+                Instruction::Push(Push::ExcludeMultipleWithGlob { src })
+            }
+            (Operation::Push, Mode::Negative, Some(src), None) => Instruction::Push(Push::ExcludeSingle { src }),
+            (op, mode, src, dest) => {
+                unreachable!(
+                    "BUG: instructions with {:?} {:?} {:?} {:?} are not possible",
+                    op, mode, src, dest
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Conversion
+impl RefSpecRef<'_> {
+    /// Convert this ref into a standalone, owned copy.
+    pub fn to_owned(&self) -> RefSpec {
+        RefSpec {
+            mode: self.mode,
+            op: self.op,
+            src: self.src.map(ToOwned::to_owned),
+            dest: self.dest.map(ToOwned::to_owned),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/git-refspec/src/types.rs b/git-refspec/src/types.rs
index f15ec9240f..ac129f75cf 100644
--- a/git-refspec/src/types.rs
+++ b/git-refspec/src/types.rs
@@ -20,17 +20,17 @@ pub enum Operation {
     Fetch,
 }
 
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Hash, Debug)]
 pub enum Instruction<'a> {
     Push(Push<'a>),
     Fetch(Fetch<'a>),
 }
 
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Hash, Debug)]
 pub enum Push<'a> {
-    /// Push a single ref knowing only one ref name.
-    SingleMatching {
-        /// The name of the ref to push from `src` to `dest`.
-        src_and_dest: &'a BStr,
-        /// If true, allow non-fast-forward updates of `dest`.
+    /// Push all local branches to the matching destination on the remote, which has to exist to be updated.
+    AllMatchingBranches {
+        /// If true, allow non-fast-forward updates of the matched destination branch.
         allow_non_fast_forward: bool,
     },
     /// Exclude a single ref.
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ pub enum Push<'a> {
     },
 }
 
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Hash, Debug)]
 pub enum Fetch<'a> {
     Only {
         /// The ref name to fetch on the remote side, without updating the local side.
@@ -96,3 +97,12 @@ pub enum Fetch<'a> {
         allow_non_fast_forward: bool,
     },
 }
+
+impl Instruction<'_> {
+    pub fn operation(&self) -> Operation {
+        match self {
+            Instruction::Push(_) => Operation::Push,
+            Instruction::Fetch(_) => Operation::Fetch,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/git-refspec/tests/parse/mod.rs b/git-refspec/tests/parse/mod.rs
index b5b3bb1172..4948708e33 100644
--- a/git-refspec/tests/parse/mod.rs
+++ b/git-refspec/tests/parse/mod.rs
@@ -72,26 +72,35 @@ mod invalid {
 
     mod push {
         use crate::parse::assert_parse;
-        use git_refspec::{Mode, Operation};
+        use git_refspec::{Instruction, Push};
 
         #[test]
         #[ignore]
         fn colon_alone_is_for_pushing_matching_refs() {
-            assert_parse(":", Operation::Push, None, None, Mode::Normal);
+            assert_parse(
+                ":",
+                Instruction::Push(Push::AllMatchingBranches {
+                    allow_non_fast_forward: false,
+                }),
+            );
         }
     }
 }
 
 mod util {
-    use git_refspec::{Mode, Operation, RefSpecRef};
+    use git_refspec::{Instruction, Operation, RefSpecRef};
+
+    // pub fn b(input: &str) -> &bstr::BStr {
+    //     input.into()
+    // }
 
     pub fn try_parse(spec: &str, op: Operation) -> Result<RefSpecRef<'_>, git_refspec::parse::Error> {
         git_refspec::parse(spec.into(), op)
     }
 
-    pub fn assert_parse(spec: &str, op: Operation, _src: Option<&str>, _dest: Option<&str>, mode: Mode) {
-        let spec = try_parse(spec, op).expect("no error");
-        assert_eq!(spec.mode(), mode);
+    pub fn assert_parse(spec: &str, expected: Instruction<'_>) {
+        let spec = try_parse(spec, expected.operation()).expect("no error");
+        assert_eq!(spec.instruction(), expected)
     }
 }
 pub use util::*;