diff --git a/lib/document.js b/lib/document.js
index dcfdb0c8a19..01abac79063 100644
--- a/lib/document.js
+++ b/lib/document.js
@@ -4593,12 +4593,21 @@ Document.prototype.getChanges = function() {
  */
 
 Document.prototype.$clone = function() {
-  const clonedDoc = Object.assign(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)), this);
+  const Model = this.constructor;
+  const clonedDoc = new Model();
+  for (const p of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this)) {
+    clonedDoc[p] = clone(this[p]);
+  }
   if (this._doc) {
     clonedDoc._doc = clone(this._doc);
   }
   if (this.$__) {
-    clonedDoc.$__ = Object.assign(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this.$__)), this.$__);
+    const Cache = this.$__.constructor;
+    const clonedCache = new Cache();
+    for (const p of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.$__)) {
+      clonedCache[p] = clone(this.$__[p]);
+    }
+    clonedDoc.$__ = clonedCache;
   }
   return clonedDoc;
 };
diff --git a/test/document.test.js b/test/document.test.js
index 7d3343bc48e..3601f90030e 100644
--- a/test/document.test.js
+++ b/test/document.test.js
@@ -11930,17 +11930,55 @@ describe('document', function() {
   });
 
   it('$clone() (gh-11849)', async function() {
-    const schema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: String });
+    const schema = new mongoose.Schema({
+      name: {
+        type: String,
+        validate: {
+          validator: (v) => v !== 'Invalid'
+        }
+      }
+    });
     const Test = db.model('Test', schema);
 
-    const item = await Test.create({ name: 'Mongoose' });
+    const item = await Test.create({ name: 'Test' });
 
     const doc = await Test.findById(item._id);
     const clonedDoc = doc.$clone();
 
-    assert.deepEqual(doc, clonedDoc);
-    assert.deepEqual(doc._doc, clonedDoc._doc);
-    assert.deepEqual(doc.$__, clonedDoc.$__);
+    assert.deepEqual(clonedDoc, doc);
+    assert.deepEqual(clonedDoc._doc, doc._doc);
+    assert.deepEqual(clonedDoc.$__, doc.$__);
+
+    // Editing a field in the cloned doc does not effect
+    // the original doc
+    clonedDoc.name = 'Test 2';
+    assert.equal(doc.name, 'Test');
+    assert.equal(clonedDoc.name, 'Test 2');
+
+    // Saving the cloned doc does not effect `modifiedPaths`
+    // in the original doc
+    const modifiedPaths = doc.modifiedPaths;
+    await clonedDoc.save();
+    assert.deepEqual(doc.modifiedPaths, modifiedPaths);
+
+    // Cloning a doc with invalid field preserve the
+    // invalid field value
+    doc.name = 'Invalid';
+    await assert.rejects(async() => {
+      await doc.validate();
+    });
+    const invalidClonedDoc = doc.$clone();
+    doc.name = 'Test';
+    await assert.rejects(async() => {
+      await invalidClonedDoc.validate();
+    });
+
+    // Setting a session on the cloned doc does not
+    // affect the session in the original doc
+    const session = await Test.startSession();
+    clonedDoc.$session(session);
+    assert.strictEqual(doc.$session(), null);
+    assert.strictEqual(clonedDoc.$session(), session);
   });
 });