bip152.rs

// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0

//! BIP152 Compact Blocks
//!
//! Implementation of compact blocks data structure and algorithms.
//!

use core::{convert, fmt, mem};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
use std::error;

use hashes::{sha256, siphash24, Hash};
use internals::impl_array_newtype;
use io::{BufRead, Write};

use crate::consensus::encode::{self, Decodable, Encodable, VarInt};
use crate::internal_macros::{impl_bytes_newtype, impl_consensus_encoding};
use crate::prelude::*;
use crate::{block, Block, BlockHash, Transaction};

/// A BIP-152 error
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Error {
    /// An unknown version number was used.
    UnknownVersion,
    /// The prefill slice provided was invalid.
    InvalidPrefill,
}

internals::impl_from_infallible!(Error);

impl fmt::Display for Error {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        match *self {
            Error::UnknownVersion => write!(f, "an unknown version number was used"),
            Error::InvalidPrefill => write!(f, "the prefill slice provided was invalid"),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
impl std::error::Error for Error {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> {
        use self::Error::*;

        match *self {
            UnknownVersion | InvalidPrefill => None,
        }
    }
}

/// A [PrefilledTransaction] structure is used in [HeaderAndShortIds] to
/// provide a list of a few transactions explicitly.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct PrefilledTransaction {
    /// The index of the transaction in the block.
    ///
    /// This field is differentially encoded relative to the previous
    /// prefilled transaction as described as follows:
    ///
    /// > Several uses of CompactSize below are "differentially encoded". For
    /// > these, instead of using raw indexes, the number encoded is the
    /// > difference between the current index and the previous index, minus one.
    /// > For example, a first index of 0 implies a real index of 0, a second
    /// > index of 0 thereafter refers to a real index of 1, etc.
    pub idx: u16,
    /// The actual transaction.
    pub tx: Transaction,
}

impl convert::AsRef<Transaction> for PrefilledTransaction {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Transaction { &self.tx }
}

impl Encodable for PrefilledTransaction {
    #[inline]
    fn consensus_encode<W: Write + ?Sized>(&self, w: &mut W) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
        Ok(VarInt::from(self.idx).consensus_encode(w)? + self.tx.consensus_encode(w)?)
    }
}

impl Decodable for PrefilledTransaction {
    #[inline]
    fn consensus_decode<R: BufRead + ?Sized>(r: &mut R) -> Result<Self, encode::Error> {
        let idx = VarInt::consensus_decode(r)?.0;
        let idx = u16::try_from(idx)
            .map_err(|_| encode::Error::ParseFailed("BIP152 prefilled tx index out of bounds"))?;
        let tx = Transaction::consensus_decode(r)?;
        Ok(PrefilledTransaction { idx, tx })
    }
}

/// Short transaction IDs are used to represent a transaction without sending a full 256-bit hash.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash, Default, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct ShortId([u8; 6]);
impl_array_newtype!(ShortId, u8, 6);
impl_bytes_newtype!(ShortId, 6);

impl ShortId {
    /// Calculate the SipHash24 keys used to calculate short IDs.
    pub fn calculate_siphash_keys(header: &block::Header, nonce: u64) -> (u64, u64) {
        // 1. single-SHA256 hashing the block header with the nonce appended (in little-endian)
        let h = {
            let mut engine = sha256::Hash::engine();
            header.consensus_encode(&mut engine).expect("engines don't error");
            nonce.consensus_encode(&mut engine).expect("engines don't error");
            sha256::Hash::from_engine(engine)
        };

        // 2. Running SipHash-2-4 with the input being the transaction ID and the keys (k0/k1)
        // set to the first two little-endian 64-bit integers from the above hash, respectively.
        (
            u64::from_le_bytes(h[0..8].try_into().expect("8 byte slice")),
            u64::from_le_bytes(h[8..16].try_into().expect("8 byte slice")),
        )
    }

    /// Calculate the short ID with the given (w)txid and using the provided SipHash keys.
    pub fn with_siphash_keys<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(txid: &T, siphash_keys: (u64, u64)) -> ShortId {
        // 2. Running SipHash-2-4 with the input being the transaction ID and the keys (k0/k1)
        // set to the first two little-endian 64-bit integers from the above hash, respectively.
        let hash = siphash24::Hash::hash_with_keys(siphash_keys.0, siphash_keys.1, txid.as_ref());

        // 3. Dropping the 2 most significant bytes from the SipHash output to make it 6 bytes.
        let mut id = ShortId([0; 6]);
        id.0.copy_from_slice(&hash[0..6]);
        id
    }
}

impl Encodable for ShortId {
    #[inline]
    fn consensus_encode<W: Write + ?Sized>(&self, w: &mut W) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
        self.0.consensus_encode(w)
    }
}

impl Decodable for ShortId {
    #[inline]
    fn consensus_decode<R: BufRead + ?Sized>(r: &mut R) -> Result<ShortId, encode::Error> {
        Ok(ShortId(Decodable::consensus_decode(r)?))
    }
}

/// A [HeaderAndShortIds] structure is used to relay a block header, the short
/// transactions IDs used for matching already-available transactions, and a
/// select few transactions which we expect a peer may be missing.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct HeaderAndShortIds {
    /// The header of the block being provided.
    pub header: block::Header,
    ///  A nonce for use in short transaction ID calculations.
    pub nonce: u64,
    ///  The short transaction IDs calculated from the transactions
    ///  which were not provided explicitly in prefilled_txs.
    pub short_ids: Vec<ShortId>,
    ///  Used to provide the coinbase transaction and a select few
    ///  which we expect a peer may be missing.
    pub prefilled_txs: Vec<PrefilledTransaction>,
}
impl_consensus_encoding!(HeaderAndShortIds, header, nonce, short_ids, prefilled_txs);

impl HeaderAndShortIds {
    /// Create a new [HeaderAndShortIds] from a full block.
    ///
    /// The version number must be either 1 or 2.
    ///
    /// The `prefill` slice indicates which transactions should be prefilled in
    /// the block. It should contain the indexes in the block of the txs to
    /// prefill. It must be ordered. 0 should not be included as the
    /// coinbase tx is always prefilled.
    ///
    /// > Nodes SHOULD NOT use the same nonce across multiple different blocks.
    pub fn from_block(
        block: &Block,
        nonce: u64,
        version: u32,
        mut prefill: &[usize],
    ) -> Result<HeaderAndShortIds, Error> {
        if version != 1 && version != 2 {
            return Err(Error::UnknownVersion);
        }

        let siphash_keys = ShortId::calculate_siphash_keys(&block.header, nonce);

        let mut prefilled = Vec::with_capacity(prefill.len() + 1); // +1 for coinbase tx
        let mut short_ids = Vec::with_capacity(block.txdata.len() - prefill.len());
        let mut last_prefill = 0;
        for (idx, tx) in block.txdata.iter().enumerate() {
            // Check if we should prefill this tx.
            let prefill_tx = if prefill.first() == Some(&idx) {
                prefill = &prefill[1..];
                true
            } else {
                idx == 0 // Always prefill coinbase.
            };

            if prefill_tx {
                let diff_idx = idx - last_prefill;
                last_prefill = idx + 1;
                prefilled.push(PrefilledTransaction {
                    idx: diff_idx as u16,
                    tx: match version {
                        // >  As encoded in "tx" messages sent in response to getdata MSG_TX
                        1 => {
                            // strip witness for version 1
                            let mut no_witness = tx.clone();
                            no_witness.input.iter_mut().for_each(|i| i.witness.clear());
                            no_witness
                        }
                        // > Transactions inside cmpctblock messages (both those used as direct
                        // > announcement and those in response to getdata) and in blocktxn should
                        // > include witness data, using the same format as responses to getdata
                        // > MSG_WITNESS_TX, specified in BIP144.
                        2 => tx.clone(),
                        _ => unreachable!(),
                    },
                });
            } else {
                short_ids.push(ShortId::with_siphash_keys(
                    &match version {
                        1 => tx.compute_txid().to_raw_hash(),
                        2 => tx.compute_wtxid().to_raw_hash(),
                        _ => unreachable!(),
                    },
                    siphash_keys,
                ));
            }
        }

        if !prefill.is_empty() {
            return Err(Error::InvalidPrefill);
        }

        Ok(HeaderAndShortIds {
            header: block.header,
            nonce,
            // Provide coinbase prefilled.
            prefilled_txs: prefilled,
            short_ids,
        })
    }
}

/// A [BlockTransactionsRequest] structure is used to list transaction indexes
/// in a block being requested.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct BlockTransactionsRequest {
    ///  The blockhash of the block which the transactions being requested are in.
    pub block_hash: BlockHash,
    ///  The indexes of the transactions being requested in the block.
    ///
    ///  Warning: Encoding panics with [`u64::MAX`] values. See [`BlockTransactionsRequest::consensus_encode()`]
    pub indexes: Vec<u64>,
}

impl Encodable for BlockTransactionsRequest {
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the index overflows [`u64::MAX`]. This happens when [`BlockTransactionsRequest::indexes`]
    /// contains an entry with the value [`u64::MAX`] as `u64` overflows during differential encoding.
    fn consensus_encode<W: Write + ?Sized>(&self, w: &mut W) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
        let mut len = self.block_hash.consensus_encode(w)?;
        // Manually encode indexes because they are differentially encoded VarInts.
        len += VarInt(self.indexes.len() as u64).consensus_encode(w)?;
        let mut last_idx = 0;
        for idx in &self.indexes {
            len += VarInt(*idx - last_idx).consensus_encode(w)?;
            last_idx = *idx + 1; // can panic here
        }
        Ok(len)
    }
}

impl Decodable for BlockTransactionsRequest {
    fn consensus_decode<R: BufRead + ?Sized>(r: &mut R) -> Result<Self, encode::Error> {
        Ok(BlockTransactionsRequest {
            block_hash: BlockHash::consensus_decode(r)?,
            indexes: {
                // Manually decode indexes because they are differentially encoded VarInts.
                let nb_indexes = VarInt::consensus_decode(r)?.0 as usize;

                // Since the number of indices ultimately represent transactions,
                // we can limit the number of indices to the maximum number of
                // transactions that would be allowed in a vector.
                let byte_size = (nb_indexes)
                    .checked_mul(mem::size_of::<Transaction>())
                    .ok_or(encode::Error::ParseFailed("Invalid length"))?;
                if byte_size > encode::MAX_VEC_SIZE {
                    return Err(encode::Error::OversizedVectorAllocation {
                        requested: byte_size,
                        max: encode::MAX_VEC_SIZE,
                    });
                }

                let mut indexes = Vec::with_capacity(nb_indexes);
                let mut last_index: u64 = 0;
                for _ in 0..nb_indexes {
                    let differential: VarInt = Decodable::consensus_decode(r)?;
                    last_index = match last_index.checked_add(differential.0) {
                        Some(i) => i,
                        None => return Err(encode::Error::ParseFailed("block index overflow")),
                    };
                    indexes.push(last_index);
                    last_index = match last_index.checked_add(1) {
                        Some(i) => i,
                        None => return Err(encode::Error::ParseFailed("block index overflow")),
                    };
                }
                indexes
            },
        })
    }
}

/// A transaction index is requested that is out of range from the
/// corresponding block.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct TxIndexOutOfRangeError(u64);

impl fmt::Display for TxIndexOutOfRangeError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            f,
            "a transaction index is requested that is \
            out of range from the corresponding block: {}",
            self.0,
        )
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
impl error::Error for TxIndexOutOfRangeError {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> { None }
}

/// A [BlockTransactions] structure is used to provide some of the transactions
/// in a block, as requested.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct BlockTransactions {
    ///  The blockhash of the block which the transactions being provided are in.
    pub block_hash: BlockHash,
    ///  The transactions provided.
    pub transactions: Vec<Transaction>,
}
impl_consensus_encoding!(BlockTransactions, block_hash, transactions);

impl BlockTransactions {
    /// Construct a [BlockTransactions] from a [BlockTransactionsRequest] and
    /// the corresponding full [Block] by providing all requested transactions.
    pub fn from_request(
        request: &BlockTransactionsRequest,
        block: &Block,
    ) -> Result<BlockTransactions, TxIndexOutOfRangeError> {
        Ok(BlockTransactions {
            block_hash: request.block_hash,
            transactions: {
                let mut txs = Vec::with_capacity(request.indexes.len());
                for idx in &request.indexes {
                    if *idx >= block.txdata.len() as u64 {
                        return Err(TxIndexOutOfRangeError(*idx));
                    }
                    txs.push(block.txdata[*idx as usize].clone());
                }
                txs
            },
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use hex::FromHex;

    use super::*;
    use crate::blockdata::block::TxMerkleNode;
    use crate::blockdata::locktime::absolute;
    use crate::blockdata::transaction;
    use crate::consensus::encode::{deserialize, serialize};
    use crate::{
        Amount, CompactTarget, OutPoint, ScriptBuf, Sequence, TxIn, TxOut, Txid,
        Witness,
    };

    fn dummy_tx(nonce: &[u8]) -> Transaction {
        Transaction {
            version: transaction::Version::ONE,
            lock_time: absolute::LockTime::from_consensus(2),
            input: vec![TxIn {
                previous_output: OutPoint::new(Txid::hash(nonce), 0),
                script_sig: ScriptBuf::new(),
                sequence: Sequence(1),
                witness: Witness::new(),
            }],
            output: vec![TxOut { value: Amount::ONE_SAT, script_pubkey: ScriptBuf::new() }],
        }
    }

    fn dummy_block() -> Block {
        Block {
            header: block::Header {
                version: block::Version::ONE,
                prev_blockhash: BlockHash::hash(&[0]),
                merkle_root: TxMerkleNode::hash(&[1]),
                time: 2,
                bits: CompactTarget::from_consensus(3),
                nonce: 4,
            },
            txdata: vec![dummy_tx(&[2]), dummy_tx(&[3]), dummy_tx(&[4])],
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_header_and_short_ids_from_block() {
        let block = dummy_block();

        let compact = HeaderAndShortIds::from_block(&block, 42, 2, &[]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(compact.nonce, 42);
        assert_eq!(compact.short_ids.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(compact.prefilled_txs.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(compact.prefilled_txs[0].idx, 0);
        assert_eq!(&compact.prefilled_txs[0].tx, &block.txdata[0]);

        let compact = HeaderAndShortIds::from_block(&block, 42, 2, &[0, 1, 2]).unwrap();
        let idxs = compact.prefilled_txs.iter().map(|t| t.idx).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        assert_eq!(idxs, vec![0, 0, 0]);

        let compact = HeaderAndShortIds::from_block(&block, 42, 2, &[2]).unwrap();
        let idxs = compact.prefilled_txs.iter().map(|t| t.idx).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        assert_eq!(idxs, vec![0, 1]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_compact_block_vector() {
        // Tested with Elements implementation of compact blocks.
        let raw_block = Vec::<u8>::from_hex("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").unwrap();
        let raw_compact = Vec::<u8>::from_hex("000000206c750a364035aefd5f81508a08769975116d9195312ee4520dceac39e1fdc62c4dc67473b8e354358c1e610afeaff7410858bd45df43e2940f8a62bd3d5e3ac943c2975cffff7f2000000000a4df3c3744da89fa010a6979e971450100020000000001010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff04016b0101ffffffff020006062a0100000001510000000000000000266a24aa21a9ed4a3d9f3343dafcc0d6f6d4310f2ee5ce273ed34edca6c75db3a73e7f368734200120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap();

        let block: Block = deserialize(&raw_block).unwrap();
        let nonce = 18053200567810711460;
        let compact = HeaderAndShortIds::from_block(&block, nonce, 2, &[]).unwrap();
        let compact_expected = deserialize(&raw_compact).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(compact, compact_expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_getblocktx_differential_encoding_de_and_serialization() {
        let testcases = vec![
            // differentially encoded VarInts, indicies
            (vec![4, 0, 5, 1, 10], vec![0, 6, 8, 19]),
            (vec![1, 0], vec![0]),
            (vec![5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4]),
            (vec![3, 1, 1, 1], vec![1, 3, 5]),
            (vec![3, 0, 0, 253, 0, 1], vec![0, 1, 258]), // .., 253, 0, 1] == VarInt(256)
        ];
        let deser_errorcases = vec![
            vec![2, 255, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0], // .., 255, 254, .., 255] == VarInt(u64::MAX-1)
            vec![1, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255], // .., 255, 255, .., 255] == VarInt(u64::MAX)
        ];
        for testcase in testcases {
            {
                // test deserialization
                let mut raw: Vec<u8> = [0u8; 32].to_vec();
                raw.extend(testcase.0.clone());
                let btr: BlockTransactionsRequest = deserialize(&raw.to_vec()).unwrap();
                assert_eq!(testcase.1, btr.indexes);
            }
            {
                // test serialization
                let raw: Vec<u8> = serialize(&BlockTransactionsRequest {
                    block_hash: BlockHash::all_zeros(),
                    indexes: testcase.1,
                });
                let mut expected_raw: Vec<u8> = [0u8; 32].to_vec();
                expected_raw.extend(testcase.0);
                assert_eq!(expected_raw, raw);
            }
        }
        for errorcase in deser_errorcases {
            {
                // test that we return Err() if deserialization fails (and don't panic)
                let mut raw: Vec<u8> = [0u8; 32].to_vec();
                raw.extend(errorcase);
                assert!(deserialize::<BlockTransactionsRequest>(&raw.to_vec()).is_err());
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
    #[should_panic] // 'attempt to add with overflow' in consensus_encode()
    fn test_getblocktx_panic_when_encoding_u64_max() {
        serialize(&BlockTransactionsRequest {
            block_hash: BlockHash::all_zeros(),
            indexes: vec![core::u64::MAX],
        });
    }
}